Mga Turko

Ang mga katawhang Turkic usa ka koleksyon sa lain-laing mga grupo etniko sa Kasadpan, Sentral, Sidlakan, ug Amihanang Asya ingon man sa mga bahin sa Europa, nga nagsultig mga pinulongang Turkic.^[1]^[2]

Sumala sa mga historyador ug mga lingguwista, ang Proto-Turkic nga pinulongan naggikan sa Sentral-Sidlakang Asya, ^[3] posible sa rehiyon sa Altai-Sayan, Mongolia o Tuva.^[4]^[5]Sa sinugdanan, ang mga nagsultig Proto-Turkic posibleng mga mangangayam-tigpanguha ug mga mag-uuma; sa ulahi sila nahimong mga nomadikong pastoralista. ^[6] Ang mga grupo sa Turkic sa unang panahon ug medieval nagpakita sa lain-laing mga pisikal nga panagway ug genetic nga gigikanan sa Sidlakang Asya ug Kasadpang Eurasia, sa bahin pinaagi sa dugay nga kontak sa mga silingang tawo sama sa mga Iranic, Mongolic, Tocharian, Uralic ug Yeniseian.

Daghang managlahi kaayong etnikong grupo ang nahimong kabahin sa mga katawhang Turkic sa tibuok kasaysayan pinaagi sa pag-ilis sa pinulongan, akulturasyon, pagsakop, pagsagol, pagsagop, ug pagkakabig sa relihiyon. Bisan pa man, ang mga Turkic nga katawhan adunay, sa lain-laing ang-ang, mga kinaiya nga dili linggwistiko sama sa mga kinaiya sa kultura, kagikan gikan sa usa ka komon nga gene pool, ug mga kasinatian sa kasaysayan. Ang pipila sa labing ilado nga modernong mga grupong etniko nga Turkic naglakip sa mga tawo nga Altai, Azerbaijani, Chuvash, Gagauz, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Turkish, Tuvan, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, ug Yakuts.

Mga Reperensya

↑ Encyclopedia Britannica. Turkic peoples. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily..."
↑ Yunusbayev et al. 2015, p. 1. "The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages."
↑ Uchiyama et al. 2020: "Most linguists and historians agree that Proto-Turkic, the common ancestor of all ancient and contemporary Turkic languages, must have been spoken somewhere in Central-East Asia (e.g. Róna-Tas, Reference Róna-Tas1991, p. 35; Golden, Reference Golden1992, pp. 124–127; Menges, Reference Menges1995, pp. 16–19)."
↑ Uchiyama et al. 2020: "The ultimate Proto-Turkic homeland may have been located in a more compact area, most likely in Eastern Mongolia"
↑ Lee & Kuang 2017: "The best candidate for the Turkic Urheimat would then be northern and western Mongolia and Tuva, where all these haplogroups could have intermingled, rather than eastern and southern Mongolia..."
↑ Uchiyama et al. 2020:"To sum up, the palaeolinguistic reconstruction points to a mixed subsistence strategy and complex economy of the Proto-Turkic-speaking community. It is likely that the subsistence of the Early Proto-Turkic speakers was based on a combination of hunting–gathering and agriculture, with a later shift to nomadic pastoralism as an economy basis, partly owing to the interaction of the Late Proto-Turkic groups with the Iranian-speaking herders of the Eastern Steppe."

[Britannica_Definition2-1] Encyclopedia Britannica. Turkic peoples. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily..."

[Yunusbayev_Definition2-2] Yunusbayev et al. 2015, p. 1. "The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages."

[3] Uchiyama et al. 2020: "Most linguists and historians agree that Proto-Turkic, the common ancestor of all ancient and contemporary Turkic languages, must have been spoken somewhere in Central-East Asia (e.g. Róna-Tas, Reference Róna-Tas1991, p. 35; Golden, Reference Golden1992, pp. 124–127; Menges, Reference Menges1995, pp. 16–19)."

[Uchiyama_20202-4] Uchiyama et al. 2020: "The ultimate Proto-Turkic homeland may have been located in a more compact area, most likely in Eastern Mongolia"

[Lee_20172-5] Lee & Kuang 2017: "The best candidate for the Turkic Urheimat would then be northern and western Mongolia and Tuva, where all these haplogroups could have intermingled, rather than eastern and southern Mongolia..."

[6] Uchiyama et al. 2020:"To sum up, the palaeolinguistic reconstruction points to a mixed subsistence strategy and complex economy of the Proto-Turkic-speaking community. It is likely that the subsistence of the Early Proto-Turkic speakers was based on a combination of hunting–gathering and agriculture, with a later shift to nomadic pastoralism as an economy basis, partly owing to the interaction of the Late Proto-Turkic groups with the Iranian-speaking herders of the Eastern Steppe."

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