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User:ComplexRational/Isotopes

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Main isotopes of elements

[edit]

Being discussed at WT:ELEMENTS, January 2023

  1. Primordial (286): 251 stable + 35 long-lived
  2. Cosmogenic & some decay products
  3. Medically useful, radiotracer, industrial applications
  4. Nuclear fuel & fission products
  5. Verified extinct or otherwise geologically interesting
  6. (synthetic) 2–3 longest lived (if not covered by other criteria)
  7. (synthetic) Most commonly produced
  8. IAR: other interesting long-lived or historically studied nuclide

Will do slight reorganization and adjustments to criteria.

An isotope might meet several criteria, though each is only listed under one below. Potentially useful lists:

Did not include unconfirmed isotopes of SHEs.

All isomers labeled m are m1 unless otherwise indicated, as reflected in scientific publications.

Isomers to be identified by massnumber id ⟨m1, m2, m3, m4⟩. Must correspond with NUBASE2020 ⟨m, n, p, q⟩ identifiers 1:1.
ComplexRational please confirm that m-isotopes are m1-isotopes, by editing into such. (IOW, "m" is not acceptable as identification). -DePiep (talk) 08:06, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
Element1234567IAR
H1, 23
He3, 4
Li6, 7
Be97, 108[A]
B10, 118[B]
C12, 131411
N14, 1513
O16, 17, 1815
F1918
Ne20, 21, 22
Na2322, 24
Mg24, 25, 2628
Al2726
Si28, 29, 303231
P3132, 3330[C]
S32, 33, 34, 3635
Cl35, 3736
Ar36, 38, 4037, 39, 42
K39, 40, 4138, 42
Ca40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 484145, 47
Sc4544, 46
Ti46, 47, 48, 49, 5044[D]
V50, 514948[B]
Cr50, 52, 53, 545148[B]
Mn5553, 5451, 52,[D] 52m[D]
Fe54, 56, 57, 585552[D]60
Co5957, 6056,[B] 58[E]
Ni58, 60, 61, 62, 64596356, 57[B]
Cu63, 6560, 61, 62, 64, 67
Zn64, 66, 67, 68, 7062,[F] 65
Ga69, 7167, 68
Ge70, 72, 73, 74, 7668
As7572, 73, 74, 76, 77[G]
Se74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 8272,[F] 7579
Br79, 8175, 76, 77, 80m, 82
Kr78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 868181m85
Rb85, 8781,[F] 82, 86
Sr84, 86, 87, 8882,[F] 85, 8990
Y8986, 90, 9188[H]
Zr90, 91, 92, 94, 9689, 959388[I]
Nb9393m, 94, 959291[J]
Mo92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 10099[F]93
Tc99m9997, 98
Ru96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104103, 105, 106
Rh103101105, 106
Pd102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110103, 109107
Ag107, 109108m, 110m[K]111
Cd106, 108, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114, 116		109113m
In113, 115111, 113m, 114m
Sn112, 114, 115, 116, 117,
118, 119, 120, 122, 124		113, 117m121m, 126
Sb121, 123124, 125
Te120, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126, 128, 130		129m, 132
I127129123, 124, 125131, 135
Xe124, 126, 128, 129, 130,
131, 132, 134, 136		127, 133135
Cs133131134, 135, 136, 137
Ba130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138133137m, 140
La138, 139140137[J]
Ce136, 138, 140, 142139, 141, 144
Pr141140, 142, 143
Nd142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 150147
Pm147, 149145, 146
Sm144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 154153151146
Eu151, 153152[L]154, 155150[H]
Gd152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160148,[M] 153150
Tb159149, 161157, 158[H]
Dy156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164165154
Ho165166163, 166m[N]
Er162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 170165, 169, 171
Tm169167, 170171[H]
Yb168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176169
Lu175, 176172, 177, 177m[O]173, 174[H]
Hf174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180172, 178m2182
Ta180m, 181178, 182, 183179,[H] 180[P]
W180, 182, 183, 184, 186188
Re185, 187186, 188186m[Q]
Os184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192194[H]
Ir191, 193192, 192m2
Pt190, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198195m193[H]
Au197198, 199195[H]
Hg196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204206197, 203194[H]
Tl203, 205206, 207, 208201, 202, 204
Pb204, 206, 207, 208209, 210, 211, 212, 214205202[R]
Bi209210, 211, 212, 214207, 213208,[H] 210m[Q]
Po210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 218208, 209
At219211209, 210
Rn219, 220, 222211[F]
Fr221, 223210, 211, 212222[S]
Ra223, 224, 225, 226, 228
Ac227, 228225, 226[T]
Th232228, 229, 230, 231, 234233[U]229m[V]
Pa231, 234, 234m230[F]233[U]
U235, 238234230232, 233, 236, 237,[W] 239[W]
Np237238,[W] 239[W]236
Pu238, 239240, 241, 242244
Am241242, 243242m[Q]
Cm242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248247250[X]
Bk249247, 248
Cf252249, 250, 251, 253, 254
Es252253, 254, 255
Fm253, 255, 257252, 254, 256
Md258, 260256
No259255, 253
Lr261, 262, 264, 266256, 260
Rf263, 265, 267261, 261m
Db267, 268, 270262
Sg267, 269, 271265, 265m
Bh270, 274267
Hs269, 270, 271
Mt274, 276, 278
Ds279, 281
Rg280, 281, 282
Cn283, 285
Nh284, 285, 286
Fl287, 288, 289
Mc288, 289, 290
Lv291, 292, 293
Ts[Y]293, 294
Og[Y]294
  1. ↑ Extremely short-lived, but a key part of the triple alpha process
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Occurs in alpha process and supernovae
  3. ↑ One of the first synthetic radioisotopes to be discovered
  4. 1 2 3 4 Also occurs in alpha process and supernovae
  5. ↑ Listed as commonly used and included for continuity
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Medicinal radioisotope generator
  7. ↑ 72As and 77As evaluated for medical use but not in widespread use; the other three have been used as tracers
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Most stable radioisotope(s)
  9. ↑ Neutron poison
  10. 1 2 Relatively long-lived, relevant in the p-process
  11. ↑ Long-lived isomers, some industrial interest
  12. ↑ Gamma-ray spectroscopy
  13. ↑ Potentially interesting for radioisotope thermoelectric generators
  14. ↑ Longest-lived radioisotopes by several orders of magnitude; some interest discussed
  15. ↑ The longer-lived excited state has some interest in generators (and as an impurity)
  16. ↑ Short-lived ground state of primordial isomer
  17. 1 2 3 Long-lived isomer
  18. ↑ Also of some interest to geologists
  19. ↑ Only other isotope with a half-life over 1 minute
  20. ↑ 226Ac subject to preliminary evaluation but not in widespread use
  21. 1 2 Part of the thorium fuel cycle
  22. ↑ Remarkably low-lying isomer
  23. 1 2 3 4 Intermediate step in production of plutonium
  24. ↑ Also long-lived, but comparatively difficult to synthesize
  25. 1 2 All isotopes included (because ≤3 are known)

Beta-stable isotopes of superheavy elements

[edit]
All beta-stable nuclei with A ≤ 340 (KTUY)[1][2]
...
257Fm (α) 258Cf (SF) → 258Fm (SF) ← 258No (SF) 259Md (SF) 260Fm (SF) → 260No (SF) 261Md (α) 262Fm (SF) → 262No (SF) 263No (α) 264No (SF) ← 264Rf (SF)
265No (SF) 266No (SF) ← 266Rf (SF) 267Lr (SF) 268No (SF) → 268Rf (SF) 269Rf (SF) 270Rf (SF) ← 270Sg (SF) 271Rf (SF) 272Rf (SF) ← 272Sg (SF)
273Db (SF) 274Rf (SF) → 274Sg (SF) ← 274Hs (SF) 275Sg (SF) 276Rf (SF) → 276Sg (SF) ← 276Hs (SF) 277Sg (SF) 278Rf (SF) → 278Sg (SF) ← 278Hs (SF) 279Bh (SF) 280Sg (SF) → 280Hs (SF)
281Hs (SF) 282Sg (SF) → 282Hs (SF) ← 282Ds (SF) 283Hs (SF) 284Hs (SF) ← 284Ds (SF) 285Mt (α) 286Hs (SF) → 286Ds (SF) 287Ds (α) 288Hs (SF) → 288Ds (SF) ← 288Cn (α)
289Ds (α) 290Ds (α) ← 290Cn (α) 291Rg (α) 292Ds (α) → 292Cn (α) ← 292Fl (α) 293Cn (α) 294Ds (α) → 294Cn (α) ← 294Fl (α) 295Nh (α) 296Cn (α) → 296Fl (α)
297Nh (α) 298Fl (α) 299Fl (α) 300Fl (α) ← 300Lv (α) 301Mc (α) 302Fl (α) → 302Lv (α) ← 302Og (α) 303Lv (α) 304Fl (SF) → 304Lv (α) ← 304Og (α)
305Lv (α) 306Fl (SF) → 306Lv (SF) ← 306Og (α) 307Ts (α) 308Fl (SF) → 308Lv (SF) ← 308Og (SF) 309Ts (SF) 310Lv (SF) → 310Og (SF) 311Og (SF) 312Lv (SF) → 312Og (SF)
313Og (SF) 314Lv (SF) → 314Og (SF) ← 314120 (SF) 315Og (SF) 316Og (SF) ← 316120 (SF) 317119 (SF) 318Og (SF) → 318120 (SF) 319120 (SF) 320Og (SF) → 320120 (SF) ← 320122 (SF)
321120 (SF) 322120 (SF) ← 322122 (SF) 323121 (SF) 324120 (SF) → 324122 (SF) 325122 (SF) 326120 (SF) → 326122 (SF) 327122 (SF) 328122 (SF) ← 328124 (SF)
329123 (SF) 330122 (SF) → 330124 (SF) 331124 (SF) 332122 (SF) → 332124 (SF) 333124 (SF) 334124 (SF) 335125 (SF) 336124 (SF) → 336126 (SF)
337126 (SF) 338124 (SF) → 338126 (SF) ← 338128 (SF) 339126 (SF) 340124 (SF) → 340126 (SF) ← 340128 (SF) 341127 (SF) 342126 (SF) 343126 (SF) 344126 (SF) ← 344130 (SF)
345127 (SF) 346126 (SF) ← 346130 (SF) 347126 (SF) → 347128 (SF) 348127 (SF) ← 348130 (SF) 349126 (SF) → 349128 (SF) 350126 (SF) → 350128 (SF) ← 350130 (SF) 351127 (SF) 352126 → 352128 (SF) ← 352130 (SF) ← 352132 (SF)
353128 (SF) 354126 → 354128 (SF) ← 354130 (SF) ← 354132 (SF) 355129 (SF) 356128 → 356130 (SF) ← 356132 (SF) 357130 (SF) 358130 (SF) ← 358132 (SF) 359131 (SF) 360130 (SF) → 360132 (SF)
361132 (SF) 362130 (SF) → 362132 (SF) ← 362134 (SF) 363133 (SF) 364132 (SF) → 364134 (SF) ← 364136 (SF) 365134 (SF) 366132 (SF) → 366134 (SF) ← 366136 (SF) 367134 (SF) 368132 (SF) → 368134 (SF)
369135 (SF) 370134 (SF) → 370136 (SF) ← 370138 (SF) 371136 (SF) 372134 (SF) → 372136 (SF) 373136 (SF) 374134 (SF) → 374136 (SF) 375136 (SF) 376136 (SF) ← 376138 (SF) ← 376140 (SF)
377137 (SF) 378136 → 378138 (SF) 379138 380136 → 380138 ← 380140 (SF) 381138 382138 ← 382140 383139 384138 → 384140
385140 386138, 386140 387140 388138, 388140 389141 390140, 390142 391142 392140, 392142, 392145
393142, 393145 394140, 394142, 392146 395143, 395145 396142, 396146 397145 398142, 398144, 398146, 398148 399144, 399147 400144, 400146
401146, 401148 402146, 402148 403147 404148 ...
... 412146, 412148 ? 414146, 414148 ? 415148 416146, 416148 ?
417149 418148, 418150 ? 419150 420148, 420150 421150 422148, 422150, 422152 423151 424150 (α), 424152
425152 426150 (α), 426152, 426154 427152 428150 (α), 428152 (α), 428154 429152 (α) 430150 (α), 430152 (α), 430154 431153 (α) 432152 (α), 432154 (α)
433154 (α) 434152 (α), 434154 (α), 434156 435154 (α) 436152 (α), 436154 (α), 436156 437155 (α) 438154 (α), 438156 (α) 439156 (α) 440154 (α), 440156 (α), 440158
441156 (α) 442154 (α), 442156 (α), 442158 443156 (α) 444156 (α), 444158 445156 (α) 446156 (α), 446158, 446160 (SF) 447158 (α) 448156 (α), 448158 (α), 448160
449158 (α) 450156 (α), 450158 (α), 450160 451158 (α) 452158 (α), 452160 (α), 452162 (SF) 453158 (α) 454158 (α), 454160 (α), 454162 455160 (α) 456158 (α), 456160 (α), 456162
457160 (α) 458160 (α), 458162 (α) 459160 (α) 460160 (α), 460162 (α) 461161 (α) 462160 (α), 462162 (α), 462164 463161 (α) 464160 (α), 464162 (α), 464164 (α)
465162 (α) 466160 (α), 466162 (α), 466164 (α) 467162 (α) 468162 (α), 468164 (α) 469163 (α) 470162 (α), 470164 (α) 471164 (α) 472164 (α), 472166 (α)
473165 (α) 474164 (α), 474166 (α) 475166 476164 (α), 476166, 476168 477166 (SF) 478166 (SF), 478168 (SF), 478170 (SF) 479168 (SF) 480166 (SF), 480168 (SF), 480170 (SF)
481168 (SF) 482166 (SF), 482168 (SF), 482170 (SF) 483168 (SF) 484168 (SF) 486172 (SF) ...
... 504172 ?, 504174 ?
506174 ? ...

Isotopes of all elements (incomplete)

[edit]
Isotope Z N Mass [3] Half-life[4][a] Decay modes[4][a][b] Decay products[c] Spin[4][a][d] Notes[4][e]
1n 0 1 613.9(0.6) s β- 1
H		 1/2+
1
H		 1 0 Stable 1/2+ 0.999885(70)
2
H		 1 1 Stable 1+ 0.000115(70)
3
H		 1 2 12.32(0.02) y β- 3
He		 1/2+
3
He		 2 1 Stable 1/2+ 0.00000134(3)
3
Li		 3 0 p 2
He
4
H		 1 3 139(10) ys n 3
H		 2-
4
He		 2 2 Stable 0+ 0.99999866(3)
4
Li		 3 1 91(9) ys p 3
He		 2-
5
H		 1 4 > 910 ys 2n 3
H		 (1/2+)
5
He		 2 3 700(30) ys n 4
He		 3/2-
5
Li		 3 2 370(30) ys p 4
He		 3/2-
6
H		 1 5 290(70) ys 3n 3
H		 2-#
6
He		 2 4 806.92(0.24) ms β- 6
Li		 0+
6
Li		 3 3 Stable 1+ 0.0759(4)
6
Be		 4 2 5.0(0.3) zs 2p 4
He		 0+
7
H		 1 6 500# ys 2n 5
H		 1/2+#
7
He		 2 5 2.51(0.07) zs n 6
He		 (3/2-)
7
Li		 3 4 Stable 3/2- 0.9241(4)
7
Be		 4 3 53.22(0.06) d EC 7
Li		 3/2-
7
B		 5 2 570(14) ys p 6
Be		 (3/2-)

Nuclear isomers

[edit]
Isotope Z N Excitation Energy (keV)[4] Half-life[4][a] Decay modes[4][a][b] Decay products[c] Spin[4][a][d] Notes[4]
6m
Li		 3 3 3562.88(0.10) 56(14) as IT 6
Li

Notes

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6
    1. Values not derived entirely from experimental data
  2. 1 2 α: Alpha decay
    β+: Positron emission
    EC: Electron capture
    β-: Beta decay
    SF: Spontaneous fission
    p: Proton emission
    n: Neutron emission
    IT: Isomeric transition
  3. 1 2 Bold: stable
    Bold-italic: nearly stable
  4. 1 2 Parenthesized values are uncertain
  5. ↑ Decimals indicate natural abundance

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Koura, H. (2011). Decay modes and a limit of existence of nuclei in the superheavy mass region (PDF). 4th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  2. ↑ Koura, H.; Katakura, J; Tachibana, T; Minato, F (2015). "Chart of the Nuclides". Japan Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  3. ↑ Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F.G.; Huang, W.J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
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