Annie Chapman

Annie Chapman
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Eliza Ann Smith
Haihuwa	Landan, Satumba 1840
ƙasa	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mutuwa	Whitechapel (mul) , 8 Satumba 1888
Makwanci	Manor Park Cemetery and Crematorium (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	Whitechapel murders (en)
Killed by	Jack the Ripper (mul)
Sana'a
Sana'a	prostitute (en) , flower seller (en) da crocheter (en)

Annie Chapman (an haife ta Eliza Ann Smith; 25 Satumba 1840 - 8 Satumba 1888) ita ce ta biyu da aka azabtar da ita ta sanannen Mai kisan gilla Jack the Ripper, wanda ya kashe kuma ya lalata akalla mata biyar a cikin gundumomin Whitechapel da Spitalfields na London daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa farkon Nuwamba 1888.

Kodayake kisan gillar da suka gabata da ke da alaƙa da Jack the Ripper (wanda aka sani da "mai kisan Whitechapel") ya sami babban hankalin manema labarai da jama'a, kisan Annie Chapman ya haifar da tsoro a Gabashin Landan, tare da 'yan sanda a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba don kama mai laifin. ^[1]

An haifi Annie Chapman Eliza Ann Smith a Paddington a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1840. Ita ce ta farko cikin yara biyar da George Smith, da Ruth Chapman suka haifa. George Smith soja ne, bayan ya shiga cikin 2nd Regiment of Life Guards a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1834. An ruwaito cewa, wurin da Chapman ta fara tun yana kusa da aikin soja na mahaifinta a London da Windsor.

Iyayen Chapman ba su yi aure ba a lokacin haihuwarta, kodayake sun yi aure a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1842, a Paddington. Bayan haihuwar ɗansu na biyu a 1844, iyalin suka koma Knightsbridge, inda George Smith ya zama Ma'aikaci. Daga bisani iyalin suka koma Berkshire a shekara ta 1856.^[2]

A cewar ɗan'uwanta, Fountain, Annie ta "yi sha da farko lokacin da take jaraba", da sauri ta fara samun rauni ga barasa, kuma kodayake shi da sauran 'yan uwansa mata biyu sun shawo kanta ta sanya hannu kan alkawarin guje wa shan barasa, sai ta "suka kuma ta faɗi" duk da ƙoƙarin' yan uwanta na hana ta.

A ranar 1 ga Mayu 1869, Annie ta auri John James Chapman, wanda ke da alaƙa da mahaifiyarta. An gudanar da bikin ne a Cocin All Saints a gundumar Knightsbridge ta London, kuma ɗayan 'yan uwanta mata, Emily Laticia, da abokin aikin mijinta mai suna George White sun shaida. Gidan Chapmans a kan takardar shaidar aurensu an jera shi a matsayin 29 Montpelier Place, Brompton, kodayake an yi imanin cewa ma'auratan sun zauna tare da White da matarsa a Bayswater.^[3]

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan aurensu, Chapmans sun zauna a adiresoshin West London daban-daban. A farkon shekarun 1870, John Chapman ya sami aiki a hidimar wani mutum Mai daraja a Bond Street.

Yara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku: Emily Ruth (an haife ta ); Annie Georgina (an haifu ta ); da John Alfred (an haifi ta 21 Nuwamba 1880). An haifi Emily Ruth a gidan mahaifiyar Chapman a Montpelier Place, Knightsbridge; An haifi Annie Georgina a Kudancin Bruton Mews, Mayfair; kuma an haifi John Alfred a ƙauyen Berkshire na Bray . An haifi John da nakasa.^[4] Chapmans sun nemi taimakon likita ga ɗansu John a asibitin London kafin daga baya su sanya shi a cikin kulawar wata ma'aikata don nakasassu a kusa da Windsor.^{[5] [7]}

Kodayake Chapman ta yi fama da maye a matsayin babba, an ruwaito cewa ta yaye kanta daga Shan giya a shekara ta 1880. An yi imanin cewa nakasa ta ɗanta ya ba da gudummawa ga sake komawa ga shan giya a hankali.

A shekara ta 1881, dangin Chapman sun koma daga Yammacin London zuwa Windsor, inda John Chapman ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kocin wani mai suna Josiah Weeks, da kuma dangin Chapmann da ke zaune a cikin ɗakunan St. Leonard Hill Farm Cottage . ^[8] A shekara mai zuwa, Emily Ruth Chapman ta mutu daga cutar meningitis a ranar haihuwar ɗan'uwanta ta biyu tana da shekaru 12.

Bayan mutuwar 'yarsu, duka Chapman da mijinta sun fara shan giya sosai. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an san cewa an kama ta a lokuta da yawa saboda maye a cikin jama'a a duka Clewer da Windsor, kodayake babu wani rikodin da aka kawo ta gaban Kotun majistare don waɗannan kamawa.

Chapman da mijinta sun rabu da yardar juna a 1884. John Chapman ya riƙe kula da 'yarsu da ta tsira, yayin da Annie ta koma London. An tilasta wa mijinta ya biya ta alawus na mako-mako na shillings 10 ta hanyar Post Office Order . Ba a san ainihin dalilin rabuwa da ma'auratan ba, kodayake rahoton 'yan sanda na baya ya lissafa dalilin rabuwa a matsayin "hanyar maye da lalata" ta Annie Chapman.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 1886, John Chapman ya yi murabus daga aikinsa saboda rashin lafiya kuma ya koma New Windsor. Ya mutu daga ciwon hanta da kuma edema, a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba, wanda ya haifar da dakatar da waɗannan biyan kuɗi na mako-mako. ^[9][10] Chapman ta sami labarin mutuwar mijinta ta hanyar surukinta.^[4] An yi imanin cewa 'yarta da ta tsira, Annie Georgina (a lokacin tana da shekaru 13), an sanya ta a wata hukuma ta Faransa ko kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo wacce ta yi tafiya tare da wasan motsa jiki a Faransa. Rubuce-rubucen ƙididdiga daga 1891 sun nuna cewa yaran Chapman da suka tsira sun zauna tare da kakansu a Knightsbridge.

A watan Mayu ko Yuni na shekara ta 1888, Chapman ya zauna a gid Lodging na Crossingham a 35 Dorset Street, ^[11] yana biyan 8d a dare don gado biyu. ^[14] A cewar mataimakin gidan masauki, Timothy Donovan, ma'aikacin brickmaker mai shekaru 47 mai suna Edward "The Pensioner" Stanley yawanci zai zauna tare da Chapman a gidan masauki tsakanin Asabar da Litinin, a wasu lokuta yana biyan gado.^{[15] [16]} Ta sami wasu kudaden shiga daga aikin crochet, yin antimacassars, da aiki a matsayin mai sayar da furanni, wanda aka kara da karuwanci.

Kwanaki takwas kafin mutuwar Chapman, ta yi yaƙi da ɗan'uwanta mai suna Crossingham's Lodging House mai suna Eliza Cooper. An ruwaito cewa su biyun sun kasance masu adawa da soyayya na wani mai sayar da kayayyaki na gida mai suna Harry, kodayake Cooper daga baya ya yi iƙirarin dalilin da ya sa su biyu suka yi yaƙi shi ne saboda Chapman ta aro sandar sabulu daga gare ta, kuma bayan an nemi ta dawo da shi, Chapman kawai ta jefa rabin dinari a kan teburin kicin, tana cewa, "Ku tafi samun rabin dinari na sabulu. Daga baya, a cikin fada tsakanin su biyu a gidan jama'a na Britannia, Cooper ya buge Chapman a fuska da kirji, wanda ya haifar da ita da ido mai baƙar fata kuma ya yi mata rauni.^{[17] [19]}

A ranar 7 ga Satumba, Amelia Palmer ta sadu da Annie Chapman a titin Dorset. Palmer daga baya ya sanar da 'yan sanda cewa Chapman ya bayyana a bayyane a wannan lokacin, bayan an sallame shi daga asibitin Whitechapel Infirmary a wannan rana. Chapman ya koka wa Palmer cewa ya ji "ba shi da kyau sosai don yin komai".^[20]

Bayan mutuwar Chapman, mai binciken da ya gudanar da jikinta ya lura da cewa huhu da kwakwalwarta suna cikin ci gaba da cutar da za ta kashe ta cikin watanni.^{[10] [n 1]}

Ba da daɗewa ba kafin karfe 5:00 na safe a ranar 8 ga Satumba, ɗan wani mazaunin 29 Hanbury Street, John Richardson, ya shiga bayan yadi na dukiyar don bincika ɗakin da aka kulle a cikin yadi har yanzu ba shi da kyau kuma ya gyara wani yanki na fata daga takalminsa. Richardson ya tabbatar da cewa har yanzu an kulle ɗakin, sannan ya zauna a kan matakai na baya na dukiyar don gyara fata daga takalminsa, yana lura da komai mara kyau. Daga nan sai ya fita daga dukiyar ta hanyar ƙofar gaba kimanin minti uku bayan haka, ba tare da ya wuce matakai zuwa filin baya ba. 

Da misalin karfe 5:15 na safe, wani mai haya na titin Hanbury 27 mai suna Albert Cadosch ya shiga cikin yadi na dukiyar don amfani da gidan wanka. Cadosch daga baya ya sanar da 'yan sanda cewa ya ji wata mace ta ce, "A'a, a'a!" kafin ya ji sautin wani abu ko wani ya fadi a kan shinge da ke raba yadudduka na baya na lambobi 27 da 29 Hanbury Street. Bai bincika waɗannan sautunan ba.^[26] 

An gano jikin Annie Chapman jim kadan kafin karfe 6:00 na safe ta wani tsoho mazaunin 29 Hanbury Street mai suna John Davis. Davis ya lura cewa ƙofar gaba yanzu ta buɗe, yayin da ƙofar baya ta rufe. Jikinta yana kwance a ƙasa kusa da ƙofar zuwa farfajiyar baya, tare da kanta inci shida (15 cm) daga matakai zuwa dukiyar. Davis ya faɗakar da mutane uku masu suna James Green, James Kent, da Henry Holland game da bincikensa, kafin dukansu uku suka gudu zuwa titin Kasuwanci don neman dan sanda yayin da Davis ya ba da rahoton bincikensa a ofishin 'yan sanda mafi kusa.^[27]  

A kusurwar Hanbury Street, Green, Kent, da Holland sun sami Sufeto na Division Joseph Luniss Chandler kuma ya gaya masa, "An kashe wata mace!" Chandler ya bi maza zuwa gawar Chapman kafin ya nemi taimakon Likitan 'yan sanda Dokta George Bagster Phillips da wasu jami'ai. 'Yan sanda da yawa sun isa cikin minti daya. An umurce su da su share hanyar zuwa yadi don tabbatar da cewa Dokta Phillips yana da damar. Phillips ya isa titin Hanbury da misalin karfe 6:30 na safe. 

Dokta Phillips da sauri ya sami damar kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin kisan Chapman da kisan Mary Ann Nichols, wanda ya faru a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta. ^[29] Nichols ta kuma sha wahala biyu masu zurfi a makogwaro, wanda aka yi daga hagu zuwa dama na wuyanta, kafin mai kisan ta ya lalata cikinta, kuma an yi amfani da takobi mai girman iri ɗaya da ƙira a cikin kisan kai. Phillips ya kuma lura da wurare shida na zubar da jini a kan bango na gidan tsakanin matakai da katako na katako da ke raba titin Hanbury 27 da 29.^[30] Wasu daga cikin wadannan yaduwar sun kasance inci 18 (45 cm) sama da ƙasa. 

1. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
2. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Begg p.65".
4. 1 2 "Annie Chapman aka Dark Annie, Annie Siffey, Sievey or Sivvey". casebook.org. 2 April 2004. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "casebook.org" defined multiple times with different content.
5. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
6. ↑ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Facts, p. 67
7. ↑ Both Annie and John Chapman are believed to have occasionally visited their son at this institution.^[6]
8. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
9. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
10. 1 2 Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History ISBN 978-1-317-86633-6 p. 188 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ReferenceA" defined multiple times with different content.
11. 1 2 Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History ISBN 0-582-50631-X p. 188 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ReferenceB" defined multiple times with different content.
12. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
13. ↑ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Facts, p. 72
14. ↑ Chapman occupied bed No. 29 at Crossingham's Lodging House. Via an agreement with the lodging-house deputy, this bed was reserved for her each night.^[13]
15. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
16. ↑ Edward Stanley is known to have falsely claimed to be an army veteran in receipt of a pension, thus leading to this nickname.
17. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
18. ↑ Jack the Ripper: Prince or Pauper ISBN 978-1-326-47658-8 p. 25
19. ↑ A fellow lodger at Crossingham's Lodging House, Amelia Palmer, later informed police this fistfight had occurred at the lodging-house on 31 August and not at the Britannia Public House.^[18]
20. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Bell, p. 114".
22. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
23. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
24. ↑ Norder, Ripper Notes: How the Newspapers Covered the Jack the Ripper Murders p. 47
25. ↑ "Inquest: Annie Chapman". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
26. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
27. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
28. ↑ Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 47–55
29. ↑ Contemporary media publications such as The Illustrated Police News also linked Chapman's murder with two murders which had occurred within the Whitechapel district in 1888—those of Emma Elizabeth Smith and Martha Tabram.^[28]
30. ↑ "Whitechapel is Panic Stricken At Another Fiendish Crime. A Fourth Victim of the Maniac". casebook.org. 1 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

1. ↑ Chapman is known to have complained of feeling unwell to the last known individual she spoke to before encountering her murderer, stating: "It's no use my giving way. I must pull myself together and go out and get some money, otherwise, I shall have no lodgings."^[21]