Calcium nitrate

Calcium nitrate wani fili ne na inorganic tare da tsarin Ca (NO3) 2. Yana samar da ruwan Ca (NO3) 2·xH2O. Maganin anhydrous, wanda ba a yawan haɗuwa da shi, yana shan danshi daga iska don ba da tetrahydrate. Dukansu nau'ikan anhydrous da hydrated sune gishiri mara launi. Hydrated calcium nitrate, wanda kuma ake kira Norgessalpeter (Norwegian salpeter), galibi ana amfani dashi azaman bangare a cikin taki, amma yana da wasu aikace-aikace. Nitrocalcite shine sunan ma'adinai wanda shine hydrated calcium nitrate wanda ke samuwa a matsayin efflorescence inda tururi ke hulɗa da gangare ko dutse a cikin yanayin bushe kamar a cikin ɗakuna ko koguna. An san gishiri iri-iri da suka haɗa da calcium ammonium nitrate decahydrate da calcium potassium nitrate.

Fitarwa da amsawa

An kirkiro Norgessalpeter a Notodden, Norway a cikin 1905 ta hanyar Birkeland-Eyde. Yawancin calcium nitrate na duniya yanzu ana yin su ne a Porsgrunn. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar magance dutse mai laushi tare da nitric acid:

Har ila yau, samfurin matsakaici ne na Odda Process:

Hakanan ana iya shirya shi daga maganin ruwa na ammonium nitrate, da Calcium hydroxide:

Kamar alaƙa da alkaline ƙasa ƙarfe nitrates, calcium nitrate yana lalacewa a kan dumama (farawa a 500 °C (932 °F) ° C (932 ° F)) don saki nitrogen dioxide:

2 Ca (NO3) 2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2 ΔH = 369 kJ/mol

Tare da urea, calcium nitrate yana samar da adduct 1:4 wanda ake amfani dashi azaman taki:

Aikace-aikacen

Amfani da aikin gona

Matsayin taki (15.5-0-0 + 19% Ca) ya shahara a cikin greenhouse da kasuwancin hydroponics; ya ƙunshi ammonium nitrate da ruwa, a matsayin "gishiri biyu" 5Ca (NO3) 2·NH4NO3·10H2O. Wannan ana kiransa calcium ammonium nitrate kuma sau da yawa ana amfani da sunan calcium nitrate prill kamar yadda koyaushe yake zuwa a cikin nau'in (granular). An kuma san maganganun da ba su da ammoniya: Ca (NO3) 2·4H2O (11.9-0-0 + 16.9 Ca) da kuma ruwa-free 17-0-0 + 23.6 Ca. Hakanan ana ba da tsarin ruwa (9-0-0 + 11 Ca). Wani nau'in iska mai ɗorewa shine urea mai rikitarwa Ca (NO3) 2·4[OC (NH2) 2], wanda aka sayar da shi a matsayin Calurea .

Ana amfani da calcium nitrate don sarrafa wasu cututtukan shuke-shuke. Misali, ana amfani da narkewar calcium nitrate (da calcium chloride) don sarrafa daci da kuma tabo a cikin itatuwan apple.^[1]

Maganin ruwa mai guba

Ana amfani da calcium nitrate a cikin ruwan sharar gida don rigakafin fitar da wari. Ruwan sharar gida ya dogara ne akan kafa ilmin halitta a cikin tsarin ruwan sharar gida. A gaban nitrate, metabolism na sulfates ya tsaya, don haka ya hana samar da hydrogen sulfide.^[2] Bugu da ƙari, ana cinye kwayoyin halitta masu sauƙin lalacewa, wanda in ba haka ba zai iya haifar da yanayin anaerobic a ƙasa da kuma fitar da ƙanshi kanta. Har ila yau, manufar ta dace da maganin laka.^[3]

Kyakkyawan ƙira

Ana amfani da calcium nitrate a cikin kayan kwalliya don hanzarta saitin. Wannan amfani tare da kankare da turmi ya dogara ne akan sakamako biyu. Ioni na calcium yana hanzarta samar da hydroxide na calcium kuma ta haka ne hazo da saiti. Ana amfani da wannan tasirin kuma a cikin masu yin amfani da yanayi mai sanyi da kuma wasu kayan kwalliya.^[4] Ioni na nitrate yana haifar da samar da hydroxide na ƙarfe, wanda ke da kariya ya rage lalatawar ƙarfafa ƙarfe.^[5]

Latex mai ƙuntatawa

Calcium nitrate wani abu ne na yau da kullun a cikin samar da latex, musamman a cikin matakai na nutsewa. Calcium nitrate da aka narkawa wani bangare ne na maganin wanka. Tsohon mai dumi an tsoma shi cikin ruwan da ke tattare da shi kuma fim mai laushi na ruwan da ke nutsewa ya kasance a kan tsohon. Lokacin da yanzu nutsewar tsohon a cikin latex calcium nitrate zai karya daidaituwa na maganin latex kuma latex zai taru a kan tsohon.^[6]

Kayan sanyi

Rushewar calcium nitrate tetrahydrate yana da matukar zafi (mai sanyaya). Saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da calcium nitrate tetrahydrate a wasu lokuta don fakitin sanyi mai sabuntawa.

Gishiri mai narkewa don canja wurin zafi da ajiya

Ana iya amfani da calcium nitrate a matsayin wani ɓangare na cakuda gishiri. Misali shine cakuda binary na calcium nitrate da potassium nitrate ko cakuda ternary ciki har da sodium nitrate. [mafi kyawun tushen da ake buƙata] Ana iya amfani da waɗannan gishiri masu narkewa don maye gurbin man fetur a cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da hasken rana don canja wurin zafi, amma galibi ana amfani da su a ajiyar zafi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Bayanan da aka ambata

↑ "Bitter Pit and Cork Spot". University of Wisconsin-Extension Cooperative Extension. UW-Madison, Dept of Horticulture.
↑ Bentzen, G; Smith, A; Bennett, D; Webster, N; Reinholt, F; Sletholt, E; Hobson, J (1995). "Controlled dosing of nitrate for prevention of H₂S in a sewer network and the effects on the subsequent treatment process". Water Science and Technology. 31 (7): 293. doi:10.1016/0273-1223(95)00346-O.
↑ Einarsen, A.M.; ÆeesØy, A.; Rasmussen, A. I.; Bungum, S.; Sveberg, M. (2000). "Biological prevention and removal of hydrogen sulphide in sludge at Lillehammer Wastewater Treatment Plant". Water Sci. Technol. 41 (6): 175–187. doi:10.2166/wst.2000.0107.
↑ Justines, H. (2010) "Calcium Nitrate as a Multifunctional Concrete Admixture" Concrete Magazine, Vol 44, No. 1, p.34. ISSN 0010-5317
↑ Al-Amoudi, Omar S.Baghabra; Maslehuddin, Mohammed; Lashari, A.N; Almusallam, Abdullah A (2003). "Effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in contaminated concrete". Cement and Concrete Composites. 25 (4–5): 439. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00084-7.
↑ Dafader, N. C.; Jolly, Y. N.; Haque, M. E.; Akhtar, F.; Ahmad, M. U. (April 1999). "The Role of Coagulants on the Preparation of Dipped film from Radiation Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex". Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 38 (2): 267–274. doi:10.1080/03602559909351576.

[1] "Bitter Pit and Cork Spot". University of Wisconsin-Extension Cooperative Extension. UW-Madison, Dept of Horticulture.

[BENTZEN-2] Bentzen, G; Smith, A; Bennett, D; Webster, N; Reinholt, F; Sletholt, E; Hobson, J (1995). "Controlled dosing of nitrate for prevention of H₂S in a sewer network and the effects on the subsequent treatment process". Water Science and Technology. 31 (7): 293. doi:10.1016/0273-1223(95)00346-O.

[EINARSEN-3] Einarsen, A.M.; ÆeesØy, A.; Rasmussen, A. I.; Bungum, S.; Sveberg, M. (2000). "Biological prevention and removal of hydrogen sulphide in sludge at Lillehammer Wastewater Treatment Plant". Water Sci. Technol. 41 (6): 175–187. doi:10.2166/wst.2000.0107.

[JUSTNES2010-4] Justines, H. (2010) "Calcium Nitrate as a Multifunctional Concrete Admixture" Concrete Magazine, Vol 44, No. 1, p.34. ISSN 0010-5317

[ALMOUDI-5] Al-Amoudi, Omar S.Baghabra; Maslehuddin, Mohammed; Lashari, A.N; Almusallam, Abdullah A (2003). "Effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in contaminated concrete". Cement and Concrete Composites. 25 (4–5): 439. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00084-7.

[DAFADER-6] Dafader, N. C.; Jolly, Y. N.; Haque, M. E.; Akhtar, F.; Ahmad, M. U. (April 1999). "The Role of Coagulants on the Preparation of Dipped film from Radiation Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex". Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 38 (2): 267–274. doi:10.1080/03602559909351576.

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