Codex Alimentarius

Codex Alimentarius tarin ƙa'idodi ne da aka amince da su a duniya, ƙa'idojin aiki, jagorori, da sauran shawarwari da Hukumar Abinci da Noma (FAO) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka buga game da abinci, samar da abinci, sanya alama a kan abinci, da kuma amincin abinci .

Sunansa ya samo asali ne daga Codex Alimentarius Austriacus . ^[1] Hukumar Codex Alimentarius (CAC) ce ta tsara kuma ta kula da rubuce-rubucenta, wata hukuma da Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta kafa a farkon watan Nuwamban 1961. A watan Yunin 1962, CAC ta shiga tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), inda ta gudanar da zamanta na farko a birnin Rome a watan Oktoban 1963. ^[2]

Manyan manufofin Hukumar sune kare lafiyar masu sayayya, da sauƙaƙe cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma tabbatar da adalci a harkokin cinikin abinci na ƙasa da ƙasa. ^[3]

CAC ƙungiya ce ta gwamnatoci : ƙasashe membobin FAO da WHO suna aika wakilai zuwa CAC. ^[4] Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, akwai mambobi 189 na CAC (ƙasashe 188 mambobi tare da ƙungiyar mambobi ɗaya, Tarayyar Turai ) ^[5] da kuma masu lura da Codex 239 (ƙungiyoyi 59 na gwamnatoci, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 164, da ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya 16). ^[6]

CAC tana haɓaka ƙa'idodin abinci bisa ga shaidar kimiyya da kwamitocin kimiyya na FAO da WHO suka bayar; mafi tsufa daga cikinsu, Kwamitin Ƙwararru na FAO/WHO kan Ƙarin Abinci (JECFA), an kafa shi a shekarar 1956 kuma ya riga ya kafa CAC da kansa. ^[4] A cewar wani bincike na 2013, manyan ayyukan CAC sune "kafa ƙa'idodin abinci na duniya don ƙarin abinci da aka amince da su, samar da matsakaicin matakan abinci a cikin abinci; matsakaicin iyaka ga gurɓatattun abubuwa da gubobi; matsakaicin iyaka ga ragowar magungunan kashe kwari da magungunan dabbobi da ake amfani da su a cikin dabbobin dabbobi; da kuma kafa ƙa'idodin aikin tsafta da fasaha". ^[4]

CAC ba ta da ikon tsara dokoki, kuma Codex Alimentarius jagorar tunani ce, ba ƙa'ida da za a iya aiwatarwa da kanta ba. ^[4] Duk da haka, ƙasashe da dama sun rungumi Codex Alimentarius a cikin ƙa'idodinsu, kuma Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya (WTO), don dalilai na aminci ga abinci, tana nufin Dokokin Aikin Tsabtace Abinci da Tsabtace Abinci na Codex Alimentarius a cikin Yarjejeniyar Aiwatar da Matakan Tsabtace Abinci da Tsabtace Abinci (Yarjejeniyar SPS) ga ƙasashen membobinsu. ^[4] Don haka Codex Alimentarius wuri ne na duniya da ake amfani da shi wajen warware takaddamar cinikayya ta duniya game da tsaron abinci da kuma kare masu amfani. ^{[3] [7]} Yarjejeniyoyi da yawa na cinikayya tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu da na ɓangarorin da dama suna nufin Codex Alimentarius, suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin da za a iya tunawa. ^[3]

Codex Alimentarius ya ƙunshi dukkan abinci, ko an sarrafa su, ko an sarrafa su ko kuma an sarrafa su kaɗan . Baya ga ƙa'idodin takamaiman abinci, Codex Alimentarius ya ƙunshi ƙa'idodi na gabaɗaya waɗanda suka shafi abubuwa kamar lakabin abinci, tsaftar abinci, ƙarin abinci da ragowar magungunan kashe kwari, da kuma hanyoyin tantance amincin abincin da aka samo daga fasahar kere-kere ta zamani. Haka kuma ya ƙunshi jagororin gudanarwa na gwamnati kamar duba shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki da kuma tsarin ba da takardar shaida ga abinci. ^[8]

An buga Codex Alimentarius a cikin harsuna shida na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya : Larabci, Sinanci, Ingilishi, Faransanci, Sifaniyanci da Rashanci . ^[9] Ba dukkan rubuce-rubuce ake samu a dukkan harsuna ba.

Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, CAC tana da jimillar jagororin 78, ƙa'idodin kayayyaki 221, ƙa'idojin aiki 53, da kuma matsakaicin matakan gurɓatattun abinci 106 (wanda 18 suka rufe gurɓatattun abinci). ^[3]

A cikin wani littafi da aka buga a shekarar 2018, CAC ta bayyana cewa: "A wasu lokutan ana sukar Codex a matsayin jinkirin kammala aikinsa, amma haɓaka ƙa'idodin abinci da tattara su a matsayin lambar da aka yarda da ita kuma mai iko tana buƙatar tattaunawa mai zurfi. Hakanan yana ɗaukar lokaci kafin a tattara bayanai da kimanta su, don bin diddigi da tabbatarwa, kuma a wasu lokutan, don a sami amincewa da ta gamsar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, yana ɗaukar matsakaicin shekaru 4.2 don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar Codex - kuma ƙasa da haka ga MRLs na maganin kwari ko matakan ƙarin abinci." ^[3]

A shekarar 1996, tawagar Jamus, wacce kamfanonin magunguna uku na Jamus suka dauki nauyinta, ta gabatar da wani kudiri cewa kada a sayar da ganye, bitamin ko ma'adinai saboda dalilai na rigakafi ko magani, kuma ya kamata a sake rarraba kari a matsayin magunguna. ^[10] An amince da shawarar, amma zanga-zanga ta dakatar da aiwatar da ita. ^[10] Daga baya an gudanar da zaman taro na 28 na Kwamitin Codex Alimentarius daga 4-9 ga Yuli, 2005. Daga cikin batutuwa da dama da aka tattauna akwai Jagororin Karin Abinci na Bitamin da Ma'adanai, ^[11] waɗanda aka amince da su a lokacin taron a matsayin sabbin jagororin aminci na duniya: Jagororin sun bayyana cewa "ya kamata a ƙarfafa mutane... su zaɓi abinci mai kyau daga abinci kafin su yi la'akari da duk wani ƙarin bitamin da ma'adanai. A cikin yanayin da shan abinci daga abinci bai isa ba ko kuma inda masu amfani suka ga abincinsu yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci, ƙarin abinci na bitamin da ma'adanai suna taimakawa wajen ƙara abincin yau da kullun." ^{[11] [12]}

Hukumar Codex Alimentarius (CAC) ta ce Jagororin sun yi kira da a "yi wa lakabi da ke dauke da bayanai kan yawan amfani da bitamin da kuma abincin ma'adinai". Hukumar WHO ta kuma ce Jagororin "sun tabbatar da cewa masu amfani da kayayyaki suna samun sakamako mai kyau daga bitamin da ma'adanai". ^[12]

A shekara ta 2004, an lura da kamanceceniya tsakanin Umarnin Kariyar Abinci na Tarayyar Turai da kuma daftarin ka'idojin Codex Alimentarius na karin bitamin da ma'adanai. ^[13]

Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Makomar Abinci da Noma na 2003, wanda ɗan siyasan Italiya Claudio Martini ya kira kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da duniya Vandana Shiva ta jagoranta, ya fitar da manufofi da dama, ciki har da Manifesto kan Makomar Abinci, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa "ma'aikatu kamar Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, Bankin Duniya, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, da Codex Alimentarius sun tsara manufofi da aka tsara don biyan buƙatun kasuwancin noma na duniya fiye da sauran, yayin da suke rage haƙƙin manoma da masu amfani da su sosai." ^[14]

An yi amfani da ka'idoji daban-daban na makirci wajen tattara bayanai game da Codex Alimentarius. Waɗannan ka'idojin sun nuna cewa ajanda ce ta kula da yawan jama'a, wani shiri na hana amfani da magungunan Big Brother, ko kuma wani tsari da Gwamnatin Duniya za ta kafa don kafa abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa. ^[15]

• Dokar Sabunta Tsaron Abinci ta FDA
• Codex na Sinadaran Abinci
• Ƙarin abinci (lambobin INS da E)

1. ↑ "Codex Alimentarius: how it all began". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations website. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
2. ↑ "Codex timeline from 1945 to the present". www.codexalimentarius.org. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Understanding Codex" (PDF). World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (5th ed. Sept. 2018).
4. 1 2 3 4 5 Bernadene Magnuson; Ian Munro; Peter Abbot; Nigel Baldwin; Rebeca Lopez-Garcia; Karen Ly; Larry McGirr; Ashley Roberts; Susan Socolovsky (2013). "Review of the regulation and safety assessment of food substances in various countries and jurisdictions". Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 30 (7): 1214, 1248. doi:10.1080/19440049.2013.795293. ISSN 1944-0049. OCLC 8145766001. PMC 3725665. PMID 23781843.
5. ↑ "Members". Codex Alimentarius Commission. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
6. ↑ "Codex Observers". Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
7. ↑ "Understanding the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures". World Trade Organization. May 1998.
8. ↑ FAO. "Codex Alimentarius Guidelines". FAO. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
9. ↑ "CODEX Alimentarius: Understanding Codex". FAO and WHO. 1999. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Understanding Codex is available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese and Russian version.
10. 1 2 "Health supplements: R.I.P." The Guardian newspaper, UK. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
11. 1 2 "Codex Guidelines for Vitamin and Mineral Food Supplements" (PDF). www.codexalimentarius.net.
12. 1 2 "UN commission adopts safety guidelines for vitamin and food supplements". United Nations News Centre. 11 July 2005. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
13. ↑ Shepherd, Rose (29 February 2004). "Nil by mouth". The Observer, Guardian UK. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
14. ↑ "Manifesto on the Future of Food" (PDF). The International Commission on the Future of Food and Agriculture, www.farmingsolutions.org. July 15, 2003. Archived from the original on June 2, 2005.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
15. ↑ Rothschild, Mike (3 June 2013). "Codex Alimentarius: Book of Food or Book of Death?". Skeptoid. Retrieved 2 November 2019.