Highveld

Highveld
Wuri
26°12′13″S 28°02′43″E / 26.2036°S 28.0453°E / -26.2036; 28.0453
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	400,000 km²

Highveld yanki ne na tudun ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke da tsayi sama da kusan 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), amma ƙasa da 2,100 metres (6,900 ft), don haka ban da yankunan tsaunukan Lesotho da ke kudu maso gabashin Highveld. Tana da wasu daga cikin muhimman yankunan noma na kasuwanci a ƙasar, da kuma mafi yawan cibiyoyin birane, musamman gundumar Gauteng, wadda ke ɗaukar kashi ɗaya bisa uku na al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu.

Highveld ya ƙunshi kusan dukkan lardunan Free State da Gauteng da kuma sassan yankunan da ke kewaye: gefen yamma na Lesotho da kuma sassan lardunan Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, North West, Limpopo, da Mpumalanga na Afirka ta Kudu. Mafi girman ɓangaren Highveld, kusan 2,100 m (6,900 ft), ita ce iyakar arewa maso gabas mai kyau, inda tsallakar tudu (Mpumalanga Drakensberg ) ta raba ta da Mpumalanga Lowveld, (wanda ya ƙunshi, da sauransu, Kruger National Park ). Wani iyaka mai kyau ita ce arewa inda Magaliesberg ta raba Highveld da Bushveld. Ci gaba da Babban Escarpment a kudu ya raba Highveld da KwaZulu-Natal. Yankin kudu maso gabas na Babban Escarpment (wannan ɓangaren na Babban Escarpment da aka fi sani da Drakensberg ) ya kai sama da 3000 m kuma yana samar da iyaka tsakanin KwaZulu-Natal da Lesotho. Duk da haka, ba a cika kiran yankin tsaunuka na ƙarshe da Highveld ba, wanda iyakarsa a wannan lokacin tana cikin iyakar Lesotho-Free State, kimanin 2,000 m (6,600 ft) . Daga iyakar gabas, gangaren Highveld yana gangara a hankali zuwa ƙasa don a kewaye shi da Babban Karoo a kudu, hamadar Kalahari a yamma, Bushveld a arewa, Mpumalanga Lowveld a arewa maso gabas, KwaZulu-Natal a gabas, da kuma tsaunukan Lesotho, ko tsaunuka, a kudu maso gabas. ^[1] Filin Highveld ya ƙunshi kusan 400,000 km² (150,000 sq mi), ko kuma kusan kashi 30% na yankin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.

Gabaɗaya ƙasar Highveld ba ta da tsaunuka, waɗanda suka ƙunshi filayen birgima, musamman a Free State, wani lokacin duwatsu kamar Witwatersrand, Magaliesberg, da Vredefort Dome ke katse su. Kogin Vaal da magudanan ruwa ne suka samar da babban tsarin magudanar ruwa na Highveld. Madatsun ruwa na Kogin Orange suna malalar mafi yawan yankunan kudu na Highveld.

Lokacin damina na Highveld yana faruwa ne a lokacin rani, inda ake samun guguwa mai ƙarfi a rana a watan Nuwamba, Disamba, da Janairu. Sanyi yana faruwa a lokacin hunturu.

Biranen da ke kan titin Highveld sun haɗa da Johannesburg, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Vereeniging, Welkom, Carletonville, da kuma biranen West Rand da East Rand . Birnin Kimberley mai hakar lu'u-lu'u yana kan iyakar Highveld da kudu maso gabashin Kalahari.

An haƙa kusan rabin zinaren da aka taɓa samarwa a duniya a Highveld tun daga shekarar 1880. Mafi girman ajiyar kuɗi yana cikin Witwatersrand, wanda ke tsakiyar Johannesburg, tare da ƙananan ajiyar kuɗi a arewacin Free State kusa da Welkom da Virginia . Highveld kuma tana da wadataccen arziki sosai a cikin lu'u-lu'u, kwal, vanadium, da manganese .

Gurɓataccen iska a wannan yanki shi ma yana da yawa, galibi saboda tashoshin wutar lantarki na kwal da ke samar da nitrogen oxide da sulfur dioxide . ^[2]

Noma a Highveld gabaɗaya yana da rinjaye ta hanyar yawan noman hatsi da kuma kiwon shanu, tare da ƙarin yawan noman masara, alkama, dawa, ' ya'yan itatuwa citrus, gyada, sunflowers, da kayan lambu, wanda ke faruwa a yankunan da ake ban ruwa da kuma gonaki kusa da birane. Tushen ciyawar ciyawa yana aiki a matsayin matattara ta halitta, yana samar da tushen ruwa mai tsafta.

Tsire-tsire masu tsiro a cikin yanayi na halitta a cikin Highveld sun ƙunshi nau'ikan ciyawa daban-daban da suka dace dangane da yawan ruwan sama daban-daban a yankin: ciyawa mai zafi da yanayin zafi, tare da ainihin savannah ba ya mamaye yanayin muhalli har sai an sami ƙarin wurare masu zafi. Manyan nau'ikan ciyawa sune Hyparrhenia hirta da Sporobolus pyramidalis kuma daga cikinsu akwai wasu ciyawa da ganyaye. Bishiyoyi da ciyayi ba su taɓa bunƙasa ba saboda gobarar da ke faruwa a lokacin rani da kuma yawan kiwo (a da dabbobin daji ne suka taɓa yi yanzu kuma dabbobi ne suka taɓa yi).

Gidan Highveld gida ne ga dabbobi da dama da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa, ciki har da jemage masu launin bambaro ; babban macijin Afirka, python na dutse na Afirka (Python sebae); zebras na dutse ; da kuma tsuntsun ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, ɗan ƙaramin dutse mai launin shuɗi (Anthropoides paradiseus). Nau'in tsuntsayen da suka fi yawa a duniya shine Botha's lark ( Spizocorys fringillaris ) da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu - linzamin Free State pygmy ( Mus orangiae ) da kuma mole mai launin zinare mai launin toka ( Chrysospalax villosa ). Baya ga python, sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe sun haɗa da kada na Nile ( Crocodylus niloticus ), mai lura da Kogin Nilu ( Varanus niloticus ), mai lura da duwatsu ( Varanus albigularis ), da kuma babban ƙazanta ko mai kallon sungazer ( Smaug giganteus ).

Kamar sauran wurare da yawa na ciyawa a duk faɗin duniya, Highveld ƙasa ce mai kyau ta noma kuma an mayar da mafi yawan yankin don noma. Yankunan ciyawa da suka rage a halin yanzu suna cikin wurare daban-daban na ajiyar yanayi, wanda, kodayake ƙaramin yanki ne na Highveld, har yanzu su ne mafi girman wuraren ciyawa da suka rage a Afirka ta Kudu . Wuraren da aka kiyaye sun haɗa da Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, ^[3] Verloren Valei Nature Reserve, Nooitgedacht Dam Nature Reserve, Bronkhorstspruit Dam Nature Reserve, Vaal Dam Nature Reserve, da Koppies Dam Nature Reserves da Willem Pretorius Game Reserve .

• An nuna fim ɗin Highveld a cikin littafin Rudyard Kipling mai suna Just So Stories, "How the Leopard Got His Spots".

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "atlas".
2. ↑ "Pollution and smog plague lives on South Africa's Highveld". The South African. 29 June 2019. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
3. ↑ "Department of Agriculture and Rural Development". Archived from the original on 2010-09-19.