Recha Freier

Recha Freier
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Recha Schweitzer
Haihuwa	Norden (en) , 29 Oktoba 1892
ƙasa	Jamus Isra'ila Deutsches Reich (mul)
Mazauni	Berlin
Mutuwa	Kudus, 2 ga Afirilu, 1984
Makwanci	Har HaMenuchot
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Moritz Freier (mul)
Karatu
Harsuna	Jamusanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	malami, mai karantarwa, maiwaƙe, marubuci, Mai kare Haƙƙin kai da schoolmistress (en)
Wurin aiki	Norden (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Israel Prize  (1981)

Recha Freier (Ibraniyawa) wanda aka haifa Recha Schweitzer, (29 ga Oktoba, 1892 a Norden, Gabashin Frisia - 2 ga Afrilu, 1984 a Urushalima) ya kafa kungiyar matasa ta Aliyah a 1933. Kungiyar ta ceci rayukan yara Yahudawa 7,000 ta hanyar taimaka musu su bar Nazi Jamus zuwa Mandatory Palestine kafin da kuma lokacin Holocaust.

Recha Freier kuma mawaki ne, mawaƙi, malami kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa.

An haifi Recha Schweitzer a cikin iyalin Orthodox na Yahudawa. Iyayenta sune Bertha (née Levy, 1862-1945 a Theresienstadt), malamin Faransanci da Ingilishi, da Menashe Schweitzer (1856-1929), wanda ya koyar da batutuwa da yawa a makarantar firamare ta Yahudawa. Ta girma a cikin iyali mai son kiɗa kuma ta koyi yin piano.^[1]

Tun tana yarinya Recha Schweitzer ta fuskanci adawa da Yahudawa: sanarwa a wurin shakatawa na birnin Norden ta bayyana cewa "An haramta karnuka da Yahudawa". A shekara ta 1897 iyalinta suka koma Silesia, inda ta sami makarantar gida na ɗan lokaci kafin ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Glogau, inda abokan karatunta suka yi mata ba'a saboda ba za ta rubuta a ranar Asabar ba. Halin da ta yi game da wulakancin da aka yi mata ya yi mata tasiri na rayuwa kuma ya sa ta zama mai cikakken Zionist.^[1][1]

Recha Schweitzer ta kammala karatunta na wasan motsa jiki a Breslau, ta wuce jarrabawar malamai na addini, kuma ta yi karatu a matsayin dalibi mai digiri na ilimin harshe a Breslaus da Munich.

A shekara ta 1919 ta auri Rabbi Dr. Moritz "Moshe" Freier (1889-1969), tare da shi ta koma Eschwege, Sofia, kuma a ƙarshe a 1925 zuwa Berlin, inda mijinta ya yi aiki a matsayin rabbi. An haifi 'ya'yansu maza Shalhevet, Ammud da Zerem a 1920, 1923 da 1926 bi da bi, kuma 'yarsu Ma'ayan a 1929. A wannan lokacin, ban da wajibai na iyali, Recha Freier ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a makarantar sakandare ta Jamus a Sofia, kuma a matsayin marubuciya da masanin gargajiya.

A cikin 1932, shekara guda kafin mamayewar Nazi, mijinta ya nemi Recha Freier ta taimaka wa 'yan matasan Yahudawa biyar waɗanda aka hana su horo da aiki saboda asalin Yahudawa.[1] Bayan ta juya da farko ga Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Yahudawa, wacce za ta iya ba da shawara kawai ga haƙuri, sai ta yi tunanin cewa za a iya tura yaran zuwa Falasdinu, inda za a iya horar da su a matsayin manoma a cikin mazaunan ma'aikatan Yahudawa.[1] A ƙarshen 1932, ƙungiyar matasa ta farko ta bar Berlin tare da taimakon kuɗin da Wilfrid Isra'ila ya ba da gudummawa ga Freier. Wannan ya zama farkon Aliyah na Matasa. "Rashin ma'ana na rayuwar Yahudawa a cikin Diaspora ya tsaya a gaban idanuna", in ji ta. Bayan haka ta yi ƙoƙari ba tare da bata lokaci ba don ceton matasan Yahudawa na Jamus.

A cikin 1938, Recha Freier ya yi aiki tare da mutane kamar Aaron Menschel, darektan ofishin Vienna Youth Aliyah, a kokarin ceton Yahudawa na Austriya. A cikin wannan shekarar ma, wanda ya fi dacewa da Kristallnacht pogrom, an kama Yahudawa a Jamus na Ƙasar Poland kuma an tura su sansanoni. Freier ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami sakin waɗannan Yahudawa daga sansanonin. Wannan ya zama mai yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da izinin da hukumomin Nazi suka bayar kuma aka ba da izinin wakilan Yahudawa - Ƙungiyar Yahudawa ta Reich a Jamus - don rarraba wa irin waɗannan Yahudawa da za su iya ɗauka don barin Jamus cikin makonni biyu bayan karɓar izinin. Freier ya ɗauki irin waɗannan izini 100, ba tare da izini ba, kuma ya cika sunayen fursunonin sansanin Yahudawa. An saki waɗannan fursunoni kuma daga ƙarshe sun isa Falasdinu. Lokacin da ya zama sananne cewa Freier ta ɗauki izinin ba tare da sanin jami'an Reich Association of Jews a Jamus ba, an sanar da Freier cewa ba a yarda ta ɗauki ƙarin izini ba, kuma an kore ta daga jagorancin Zionist a Berlin, gami da matsayinta na darakta na ofisoshin Youth Aliyah.

Freier ya kasance a cikin Nazi Jamus har zuwa tsakiyar 1940 sannan ya haye iyakar zuwa Yugoslavia ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da taimakon masu safarar mutane masu sana'a. Ko da bayan ta shiga Yugoslavia ta ci gaba da ayyukanta kuma ta sami nasarar ceton matasa 150 waɗanda iyayensu suka riga sun mutu a sansanonin fursuna. Bayan zama na watanni da yawa a Yugoslavia ta ci gaba da zuwa Falasdinu a shekara ta 1941.

Lokacin da Freier ya isa Urushalima, Szold ya gaya wa Freier cewa babu wani wuri a gare ta a gudanar da Youth Aliyah a Falasdinu. Ta haka ne Freier ta janye daga matsayinta na yau da kullun a cikin Youth Aliyah . A cikin 1943, Freier ya kafa Cibiyar Horar da Aikin Gona ga yara na Isra'ila wanda manufarsa ita ce samar da ilimi mai kyau ga yara daga iyalai matalauta; yara da ke zaune a cikin yanayin zamantakewa mara kyau. Wannan ta yi ta hanyar shirya cewa waɗannan yara za a haife su a cikin Kibbutz, a cikin mazaunan ma'aikata ko a cikin rukunin iyali da aka kafa don wannan dalili.

Henrietta Szold sau da yawa ana kiranta da kuskure a matsayin wanda ya kafa Youth Aliyah . Sai kawai bayan mutuwar Henrietta Szold a 1945, lokacin da Moshe Kol ke kan shugaban kungiyar Youth Aliyah (1947-1966), cewa nasarorin Freier wajen kafa kungiyar da kuma ceton dubban matasan Yahudawa na Jamus an gane su. Wannan ya faru ne bayan Freier ya gabatar da kara a kan Kol, yana zargin cewa rawar da ta taka wajen kafa kungiyar Youth Aliyah da kuma ceton rayukan dubban matasa Yahudawa daga Turai, ana watsi da ita da gangan.

A shekara ta 1939, Matasa Aliya ta ceci matasa 7,000, waɗanda suka yi aliya zuwa Falasdinu kuma sun shiga cikin ƙauyukan ma'aikata.

A shekara ta 1958, Freier ta kafa Asusun Mawallafin Isra'ila, kuma a shekara ta 1966 ta kafa, tare da mawallafin Roman Haubenstock-Ramati, bikin "Testimonium" ("Witness"), wanda aka tsara don tallafawa saitin kiɗa da labarun abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar Yahudawa. Don wannan dalili ta sami nasarar samun taimakon sanannun mawaƙa, Yahudawa da waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba, kamar su Ben-Zion Orgad, Mauricio Kagel, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Iannis Xenakis, Lukas Foss da sauransu. Ta kuma rubuta Littattafai da yawa ga mawaƙa na Isra'ila. Wadannan sun hada da Mark Kopytman (Chamber Scenes from the Life of Süsskind von Trimberg, wanda aka rubuta don jerin "Testimonium", 1982), Josef Tal (Amnon da Tamar, 1958, bisa ga Littafin Sama'ila), da Yitzchak Sadai (Trail 19, 1982).

Recha Freier, ta hanyar ayyukanta a cikin Youth Aliyah, ta ceci matasa Yahudawa sama da 7,000 waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu kuma sun shiga cikin Yishuv. Sanarwar ta fara ne a shekarar 1975, lokacin da yarinyar mai shekaru 83 ta sami digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima saboda ra'ayinta na farko na "tsarin jigilar matasa zuwa kibbutzim", kuma a shekarar 1981 ta sami Kyautar Isra'ila saboda aikin rayuwarta, gagarumar gudummawar da ta bayar ga mutane da Jihar Isra'ila, a fagen Jama'a da Matasa.^[1]

Recha Freier ya mutu a shekara ta 1984 a Urushalima.

• 1975, digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima don ra'ayin "tsarin jigilar matasa zuwa kibbutzim"
• 1981, Kyautar Isra'ila don gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da Jihar Isra'ila.^[2]
• 1984 (a watan Nuwamba, bayan mutuwarsa), takardar tunawa da Majalisar Birnin Berlin-Charlottenburg ta sanya a Cibiyar Al'ummar Yahudawa don girmama "Recha Freier, wanda ya kafa Matasa Aliya". ^[1]
• 1990, an kafa Cibiyar Ilimi ta Recha Freier a Kibbutz Yakum kusa da Tel Aviv don girmama ta.^[1]
• Kikar Recha Freier, wani fili a unguwar Katamon ta Urushalima, an sanya masa suna.
• A cikin 2018 an ba da hatimi na Isra'ila don girmama ta.