Silage

Silage
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	fodder (en) da fermentation product (en)

Silage abinci ne da aka yi daga amfanin soya mai laushi wanda aka adana ta hanyar fermentation har zuwa lokacin da ya yi tsami. Ana ciyar da shi ga shanu, tumaki, da sauran ruminants. Tsarin fermentation da ajiya ana kiransa ensilage, ensiling, ko sigging. Takamaiman hanyoyin sun bambanta, dangane da fasahar da ke akwai, al'adar gida, da kuma yanayin da ke akwai.

Silage yawanci ana yin sa ne daga amfanin gona ciki har da masara, Rye, sorghum, ko wasu hatsi, ta amfani da dukkan shuka mai kore (ba kawai hatsi ba). Ana iya amfani da takamaiman kalmomi don silage da aka yi daga wasu amfanin gona, kamar oatlage don oats da haylage don alfalfa (haylage na iya nufin babban silage mai bushe da aka yi da hay).

Yin amfani da wannan dabarar kamar yadda ake aiwatar da sauerkraut, an adana kayan lambu don dabbobi a wasu sassan Jamus tun farkon karni na 19. Wannan aikin ya sami hankalin masanin aikin gona na Faransa Auguste Goffart na Sologne, kusa da Orléans. Ya wallafa wani littafi a 1877 wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na adana amfanin gona a cikin silos. Kwarewar Goffart ta ja hankalin mutane sosai. Yanayin noman madara a Amurka ya dace da tabbatar da kayan masara, kuma nan da nan manoman New England suka karbe shi. Francis Morris na Maryland ya shirya silage na farko da aka samar a Amurka a 1876. ^[1] Sakamakon da aka samu a Amurka ya haifar da gabatar da tsarin a Ingila, inda Thomas Kirby ya fara gabatar da tsarin ga garken madara na Burtaniya.

Sillage na zamani da aka adana tare da acid kuma an hana shi daga hulɗa da iska an ƙirƙira shi ne ta hanyar masanin ilimin sunadarai na Finnish Artturi Ilmari Virtanen. An ba Virtanen lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 1945 a cikin ilmin sunadarai "don bincikensa da abubuwan kirkirarsa a cikin iljin noma da abinci mai gina jiki, musamman don hanyar adana abinci mai gina ciki", kusan kirkirar silage na zamani.^[2]

An yi silos na farko da dutse ko kankare ko dai a sama ko a ƙasa, amma an gane cewa iska na iya kasancewa a cikin ɗakunan da aka matsa sosai, kodayake a wannan yanayin 'yan inci na abinci a kusa da bangarorin gabaɗaya ba su da amfani saboda mildew. A Amurka, ana gina gine-gine da cylinders na katako 35 zuwa 40 feet (11 zuwa 12 a zurfin.

A farkon kwanakin aikin gona na inji (ƙarshen 1800s), an yanke tsokoki kuma an tattara su da hannu ta amfani da wuka da keken doki, kuma an ciyar da su cikin na'ura mai tsayawa da ake kira "silo filler" wanda ya yanke tsokoshi kuma ya busa su da wani kunkuntar bututu zuwa saman hasumiyar silos.

Amfanin gona da aka fi amfani da shi don ensilage sune ciyawa na yau da kullun, clovers, alfalfa, vetches, oats, Rye, da masara.^[3] Yawancin amfanin gona suna da damar yin amfani da su, gami da dankali da ciyawa daban-daban, musamman spurrey kamar Spergula arvensis . Dole ne a yi Silage daga kayan shuka tare da abin da ya dace da danshi: kusan 50-60% dangane da hanyar ajiya, matakin matsawa, da adadin ruwan da za a rasa a ajiya, amma ba ya wuce 75%. Yanayi a lokacin girbi ba lallai bane ya zama mai kyau da bushe kamar lokacin girbi don bushewa. Don masara, girbi yana farawa lokacin da dukkan danshi na shuka ya kasance a matakin da ya dace, mafi kyau 'yan kwanaki kafin ya nuna. Don amfanin gona na makiyaya, ana yanka ciyawa kuma an ba da izinin bushewa na rana ɗaya ko haka har sai abun da ke ciki ya sauka zuwa matakin da ya dace. Da kyau ana yanka amfanin gona lokacin da yake cikin cikakken furen, kuma an ajiye shi a cikin silo a ranar da aka yanka shi.^[3]

Bayan girbi, ana yanka amfanin gona zuwa raguwa kusan in) tsawo. ¹⁄₂ in (13 mm)Ana yada kayan a cikin yadudduka na uniform a kan bene na silo, kuma an cika su sosai. Lokacin da aka cika silo ko kuma aka gina tarin, za'a iya yada wani nau'i na kara ko wasu abubuwa masu bushewa a saman. A cikin silo, matsin kayan, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi, ya cire iska daga duka sai dai saman; a cikin yanayin tarin, ana amfani da ƙarin matsin lamba ta hanyar nauyi don hana yawan dumama.

1. ↑ Crisp, Howard L.; Patterson, H. J. (July 1908). "Silos and silage in Maryland: The construction of silos and the making and feeding of silage". Bulletin of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station (129): 1–78. The first silage made in America was prepared by Francis Morris of Ellicott City, Maryland, in 1876, by putting whole corn in a trench or pit dug in the ground and covered with earth. [p. 2]
2. ↑ "Artturi Ilmari Virtanen". April 29, 2020 – via Wikipedia.
3. 1 2  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Missing or empty |title= (help)