Kaligula

Kaligula
Amenkad Kaligula.
3. Amenkad arumani 18 Meɣres 37 - 24 Yennayer 41 ← Tibère (fr) - Claude (fr) → Asenatuṛ arumani aqbur Akunsul arumani
Tameddurt
Isem-is ummid	GAIVS IVLIVS GERMANICI FILIVS TIBERI NEPOS AVGVSTI PRONEPOS DIVI ABNEPOS CAESAR GERMANICVS d GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR GERMANICVS
Talalit	Antium (fr) , 31 Ɣuct 12 Seld Talalit n Ɛisa.
Taɣlent	Tarumanit.
Lmut	mont Palatin (fr) , 24 Yennayer 41 Seld Talalit n Ɛisa.
Ideg n uẓekka	mausolée d'Auguste (fr)
Tamentilt n tmettant	Timenɣiwt (blessure par arme blanche (fr) )
Tawacult
Baba-s	Germanicus
Yemma-s	Agrippine l'Aînée
Tissulya akked	Junia Claudilla (fr) Livia Orestilla (fr) Lollia Paulina (fr)  (38 -  38) Cæsonia Milonia (fr)  (39 -  41)
Arraw-is	view Julia Drusilla (fr) Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus (fr)
Atmaten-is d yissetma-s	Julia Livilla (fr) , Agrippine la Jeune (fr) , Julya Drusilla, Drusus Julius Caesar (fr) , Nero Julius Caesar (fr) , Caius Julius Caesar Germanicus Major (fr) , Tiberius Caesar (en) d Ignotus Julius Caesar Germanicus (en)
Tawsit	Julio-Claudiens (fr) Julii Caesar (fr)
Asegmi
Tutlayin	Talatint
Amahil
Amahil	asertay
Taseddart	imperator (fr)
Taflest
Asɣan	religion de la Rome antique (fr)

Kaligula (Caligula), s yisem-is unṣib Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, yella d amenkad arumani wis kraḍ. Yeḥkem Tamenkda Tarumanit seg 18 Meɣres n useggas 37 ar 24 Yennayer n useggas 41 M.B. (Milad Baɛd).

Yella d mmi-s n Germanicus, d yiwen yellan d amasay arumani yettwasnen s waṭas, d Agrippina Tameqqrant, i d-yekkan seg twacult n Uɣustus.

Kaligula yella gar yimenkaden irumanen i ɣef d-ttwarun waṭas n yiḥricen deg umezruy. Isallen i d-ǧǧan yimyura iqburen ɣef tudert-is d tsertit-is skanen-d amdan i ibeddlen seg umenkad yettwaḥemmlen deg tazwara ɣer uḥekkam yettwasnen s tkerkas, s tɣellist n yiman-is, s tɣawsiwin ur nettwaɛqal ara, akked useqdec n udabu s tarrayt tamihawt.

Maca, ilaq ad nefhem belli aṭas n wayen yettwarun ɣef Kaligula yekka-d seg yimyura i yellan mgal-is, neɣ i yuran deffir n tmettant-is. Ɣef waya, imezrayen n wass-a ur ttqabalen ara akk isallen-nni am tidet yettwaseḥḥan.

Kaligula ilul ass n 31 Ɣuct 12 M.B. deg temdint n Antium, i d-yezgan deg tmurt n ṭṭelyan, ur nebɛid ara ɣef Ruma.

Yella d mmi-s n Germanicus, amasay arumani i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg temnekda, akked Agrippina Tameqqrant, i d-yellan d yelli-s n Julia Tameẓẓyant, i d-yellan d yelli-s n Uɣustus.

Tawacult-is tella d yiwet seg twaculin i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg tsertit tarumanit.

Germanicus yella d yiwen seg yimasayen yettwaḥemmlen s waṭas ɣer yiserdasen akked ugdud arumani. Yella yesɛa aṭas n tirmit deg ṭṭrad, ladɣa deg tmura n Germanie.

Deg useggas 14 M.B., mi yella Kaligula mazal d ameẓẓyan, yedda akked twacult-is ɣer yiserdasen n baba-s deg tmura n ugafa n Tamenkda Tarumanit.

Deg tallit-nni, Kaligula yella yettidir gar yiserdasen, yettwali tudert n yimasayen n tredsa akked tarrayt n uselḥu n yiserdasen irumanen.

Isem «Kaligula» ur yelli ara d isem-is unṣib, maca d isem i as-fkan yiserdasen irumanen mi yella d ameẓẓyan.

Yekka-d seg wawal alatini caliga, i d-yemmalen yiwen n ṣṣenf n yirkasen n ṭṭrad i ssemrasen yiserdasen irumanen.

Kaligula, deg temẓi-s, yella ileḥḥu s llebsa tameẓẓyant i d-yettbanen am tin n yiserdasen, gar-as irkasen imeẓẓyanen.

Ɣef waya, iserdasen bdan ttsemmin-as «Caligula», i yezmer ad d-yini «abbu n yirkasen n ṭṭrad» neɣ «win n yirkasen imeẓẓyanen».

Isem-a yuɣal yettwasnen ugar n yisem-is aṣli, Gaius.

Deg useggas 19 M.B., Germanicus yemmut deg Antiochia, deg tmurt n Surya.

Tamettant-is teǧǧa-d aṭas n yisteqsiyen, acku yella d amdan yettwaḥemmlen s waṭas, yerna aṭas n yimdanen ttwalin-t d win ara yuɣalen d amenkad deffir n Tiberyus.

Kra n yimdanen ttɣilen belli Germanicus yettwasemmem, maca ulac asentel amezwaru i izemren ad yesbadu s tidet belli tamettant-is tekka-d seg usemmem.

Tamettant n Germanicus tella d yiwet n twaɣiyin timeqqranin deg tudert n Kaligula.

Deffir n tmettant n baba-s, tawacult-is tebda tettidir deg tegnit tasertit iwaɛren.

Agrippina Tameqqrant, yemma-s n Kaligula, tella d tameṭṭut i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg twacult n yimenkaden irumanen.

Deffir n tmettant n Germanicus, Agrippina tella deg ccwal asertan akked Tiberyus d kra n yimdanen i iqerrben ɣer udabu.

Tiberyus yella yettḥadar iman-is ɣef yimdanen i izemren ad d-kkren mgal tazmert-is n tewwḍin ar udabu, ladɣa wid i yesɛan azal deg ugdud neɣ deg yiserdasen. Deg useggas 29 M.B., Agrippina tettwasekcem deg uẓayar n tɣellist tasertant, syin tettwaceggeɛ ɣer uanejli.

Sin n watmaten n Kaligula, Nero Caesar akked Drusus Caesar, uɣalen daɣen d iswi n tsertit n Tiberyus.

Nero Caesar yemmut deg uanejli, ma d Drusus Caesar yemmut deg uḥbas deg useggas 33 M.B.

Agrippina temmut daɣen deg useggas 33 M.B., mi tella deg uanejli.

Tawaɣit-a n twacult-is tezmer ad tili tesɛa tazrirt tameqqrant ɣef Kaligula, maca ur nezmir ara ad nesbadu s tidet amek i tbeddel tafekka n uxemmem-is.

Deg useggas 31 M.B., Kaligula yettwasekcem ɣer tallit tamaynut n tudert-is, mi yebda yettidir ddaw n tɣellist n Tiberyus.

Deg useggas 32 M.B., Kaligula iruḥ ɣer tegzirt n Capri, anda yella yettidir Tiberyus. Capri tella d adig i deg yella Tiberyus yesseqdac adabu-is, ɣas akken Ruma tezga d tamdint tagejdant n temnekda. Kaligula yella yettidir deg tegnit iwaɛren, acku yella d mmi-s n Germanicus, yerna tawacult-is tella tettwaɛtab s waṭas.

Ilaq ad yili yettḥadar iman-is deg yal tagnit, acku kra n wawal neɣ n tigawt tezmer ad tettwafhem am tixidast tasertant.

Kra n yimyura iqburen ttmeslayen ɣef tarrayt n Kaligula deg Capri, maca aṭas n yisallen-nsen ur zemren ara ad tettwasenqden.

Naévius Sutorius Macro yella d aqerru n tserdast n Praetorians, agraw n yiserdasen n tɛessast ɣef umenkad arumani. Macro yesɛa azal ameqqran deg tsertit n taggara n uḥekkem n Tiberyus.

Deg tallit-nni, Macro yebda yettqerrib ɣer Kaligula, acku yella yettwali-t d yiwen seg wid i izemren ad yuɣal d amenkad amaynut.

Tadukkli tasertant gar Macro akked Kaligula tella d yiwet seg tɣawsiwin i yessishilen awweḍ n Kaligula ɣer udabu. Maca, mi yuɣal Kaligula d amenkad, assaɣ gar-asen ur yeqqim ara akken yella.

Tiberyus yemmut ass n 16 Meɣres 37 M.B., deg Misenum, mi yesɛa 77 n yiseggasen. Tamettant-is teldi abrid i ubeddel n udabu deg Tamenkda Tarumanit.

Tiberyus yella yeǧǧa-d deg twacult-is sin n yimdanen i izemren ad warten adabu: Kaligula akked Tiberius Gemellus, ammi-s n mmi-s.

Maca, Kaligula yella yesɛa azal asertan ameqqran ugar n Gemellus. S tallelt n Macro, Kaligula yessaweḍ ad yeṭṭef adabu.

Ass n 18 Meɣres 37 M.B., Kaligula yettwasefren d amenkad arumani.

Mi yuɣal Kaligula d amenkad, agdud arumani yefreḥ s waṭas. Aṭas n yimdanen ttwalin-t d mmi-s n Germanicus, amassay i ḥemmlen, yerna ttwalin deg-s amdan ara d-yawin tallit tamaynut deffir n uḥekkem n Tiberyus.

Deg tazwara, Kaligula yessekna-d kra n tigawin i ḥemmlen yimdanen:

• Yessekna-d lḥerma i yerr-a ɣef iɛeggalen n twacult-is yemmutan.
• Yesseqdec amezruy n baba-s i wakken ad yesnerni azal-is.
• Yefka-d kra n yidrimen i yiserdasen akked ugdud.
• Yesseḥya kra n tmeɣriwin d tfaskiwin n ugdud.
• Yessekna-d belli yezmer ad yili d amenkad i iqerrben ɣer ugdud.

Tallit tamezwarut n udabu-s tettwasekna deg yidlisen iqburen am tallit n usirem. Maca, tagnit-a ur teqqim ara aṭas.

Deg Tuber 37 M.B., Kaligula yuḍen s waṭas. Aṭṭan-is yella d yiwen n yisallen i d-yettwabedren deg waṭas n yiɣbula iqburen.

Aṭas n yimdanen deg Ruma ttɣilen belli amenkad yezmer ad yemmet. Maca, Kaligula yessaweḍ ad yeḥlu. Deffir n uḥluy-is, kra n yimyura iqburen ttmeslayen ɣef ubeddel ameqqran deg tarrayt-is n uḥekkem.

Ɣef waya, kra n yimdanen ttɣilen belli aṭṭan-nni yesɛa tazrirt ɣef uxemmem-is neɣ ɣef waddad-is n wallaɣ. Maca, imezrayen n wass-a ur sɛin ara isefka i zemren ad sbadun belli aṭṭan-nni yessexreb-as allaɣ neɣ yesnulfa-d aṭṭan n wallaɣ. Ihi, ur ilaq ara ad neḥseb abeddel-is asertan d agmuḍ n yiwen n waṭṭan war isefka iwulmen.

Senat arumani yella d agraw asertan aqbur i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg Tmenkda Tarumanit. Deg tallit n Tagduda Tarumanit, Senat yella yettɛawan deg uselḥu n tmura akked usenqed n kra n tɣawsiwin tisertanin.

Maca, seg tallit n Uɣustus, adabu amenkadan yebda yettnerni ɣef wazal n Senat. Kaligula yessekna-d deg tazwara belli yezmer ad yili d amdan i yettqadaren Senat.

Maca, assaɣ gar-asen ibeddel s zreb. Kaligula yebda yettḥeqqir kra n yiɛeggalen n Senat, yettḥasab-iten d imdanen i izemren ad d-kren mgal-is.

Kra n yiɛeggalen ttwaseḥbasen neɣ ttwaneɣan ɣef sebba n tixidas tisertanin, maca ur nezmir ara ad nesbadu belli yal tamessalt tella d tidet.

Tixidas tisertanin gar yimdanen i iqerrben ɣer umenkad uɣalent d yiwet n tɣawsa tagejdant deg tallit n uḥekkem-is.

Kaligula yewweḍ ɣer udabu mi tella Tamenkda Tarumanit tesɛa aṭas n yidrimen deg tɣerɣert-is.

Deg tazwara, yesseqdec idrimen-a i wakken ad yefk timerniwin i yiserdasen, ad yesnerni tifaskiwin, yerna ad yesbedd kra n yiberdan d lebni.

Maca, aṭas n yimyura iqburen ttmeslayen ɣef useqdec ameqqran n yidrimen deg tallit-is.

Kra n yimeskaren i yettwabedren:

• Tameɣriwin d tfaskiwin timeqqranin.
• Timsizzal n yiserdasen d yimeskaren n umezgun.
• Lebni n yiberdan d yixxamen imeqqranen.
• Timerniwin n yidrimen i yimdanen i iqerrben ɣer udabu.
• Aseḥbes n yidrimen seg kra n yimdanen i yettwaḥesben d icengga-s.

Maca, ulac isefka iwulmen i wakken ad nessiḍen s tidet azal n yidrimen i yessemres Kaligula.

Tamenkda Tarumanit tella tesɛa aẓeṭṭa ameqqran n yiserdasen deg tmura i tḥekkem. Iserdasen irumanen llan d yiwet n tezmert tagejdant n udabu amenkadan.

Kaligula yebɣa ad yesken belli yezmer ad yili d amasay aserdasan ameqqran am baba-s Germanicus.

Deg tallit-is, yessewjed kra n tigawin n ṭṭrad, ladɣa deg tmura n ugafa. Maca, ur yessaweḍ ara ad yesnerni tamenkda s waṭas n tmura timaynutin.

Aṭas n tigawin-is n ṭṭrad ttwabedrent deg yiɣbula iqburen s tarrayt n taseqlebt, ihi ilaq ad tent-nessefru s leḥder.

Deg useggas 39 M.B., Kaligula yebda yettsewjed tamezla n ṭṭrad ɣer Germanie.

Germanie tella d tamurt i deg llan waṭas n yigrawen i ur nelli ara ddaw n uḥekkem usrid n Ruma.

Kaligula yebɣa ad yesnerni tazmert n temnekda deg ugafa, yerna ad yesken belli yezmer ad yili d amasay aserdasan i yettwasnen.

Deg tallit-nni, yesseqdec iserdasen imeqqranen, maca ur d-yettwabder ara belli yessaweḍ ad d-yawi kra n rrbeḥ ameqqran deg ṭṭrad.

Kra n yimyura iqburen ttmeslayen ɣef tigawin ur nettwaɛqal ara, am uḥeqqer n yiserdasen neɣ asenqed-nsen s tarrayt iwaɛren.

Maca, imezrayen n wass-a ttwalin belli aṭas n yisallen-a zemren ad ilin d tiseɣtiyin n yimyura i yellan mgal-is.

Britannia tella d tagzirt tameqqrant i d-yezgan deg ugafa n Uṛupa. Deg tallit n Kaligula, Ruma ur tḥekkem ara ɣef Britannia s wudem usrid.

Kaligula yessewjed kra n tigawin i yezmer ad ilint d tazwara n ṭṭrad ɣer tagzirt-a. Maca, ṭṭrad-nni ur yeḍri ara deg tallit-is.

Suetonius yura-d belli Kaligula yessuter seg yiserdasen-is ad d-jemɛen tiqcertin n lebḥer am wakken d aɣrum n rrbeḥ deg ṭṭrad.

Tamacahut-a tettwabder s waṭas, maca ulac isefka i d-yeskanen belli teḍra akken i d-yura Suetonius. Kra n yimezrayen ttwalin belli tamacahut-a tezmer ad tili d taseqlebt neɣ d afham arameɣtu n tigawt taserdasant.

Kaligula yella yeḥkem tamenkda tameqqrant i d-yezgan seg Uṛupa ar Tefriqt n Ugafa akked Asya.Deg tmura-a, tella tsertit n yimeḍbren irumanen, akked yiselḥuyen n temdinin.

Kaligula yesseqdec adabu-is i wakken ad yessebbed imdanen i as-yeɛǧben deg kra n twuriwin. Kra n tmura sɛant uguren akked yiselḥuyen irumanen. Deg Tefriqt n Ugafa, Kaligula yessekna-d azal n udabu amenkadan s ubeddel n kra n tɣawsiwin tiserdasin.

Deg Asya d Usamar Alemmas, tella tsertit n Ruma tettidir deg wassaɣen iweɛren akked tmura i tḥekkem neɣ i d-yettqerriben ɣer-s.

Tafriqt n Ugafa tella d yiwet n temnaḍin i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg Tamenkda Tarumanit. Deg tallit n Kaligula, tamurt n Numidya akked tmura i as-d-yezzin llant deg tsertit n Ruma. Kaligula yessekna-d belli adabu amenkadan yezmer ad yili d win i yesɛan awal aneggaru ɣef yiserdasen n tmura-a.

Deg useggas 39 neɣ 40 M.B., Juba II yella yemmut yakan, ma d mmi-s Ptolemaios n Mauretania yella d agellid n Mauretania.

Kaligula yessuter seg Ptolemaios ad d-yas ɣer Ruma. Deg useggas 40 M.B., Ptolemaios yettwaneɣ s usuter n Kaligula.

Tigawt-a tella d yiwet n tɣawsiwin timeqqranin deg umezruy n Tefriqt n Ugafa, acku teǧǧa-d tamurt n Mauretania deg tegnit tasertit iwaɛren.

Deffir n tmettant n Ptolemaios, Aedemon, yiwen seg yimdanen i iqerrben ɣer ugellid, yekker mgal Ruma.

Tigawin-a wwint ɣer ubeddel n tsertit n Ruma deg Mauretania, i yuɣalen deffir n tallit n Kaligula ɣer ubḍu n tmurt ɣef snat n temnaḍin timeqqranin.