Niru

Niru
Amenkad Niru
5. Amenkad arumani 13 Tuber 54 - 9 Yunyu 68 ← Claude (fr) - Galba (fr) → Asenatuṛ arumani aqbur Akunsul arumani
Tameddurt
Isem-is ummid	Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Talalit	Antium (fr) , 15 Duǧember 37
Taɣlent	Ruma n zik
Axxam-is	Domus aurea (fr)
Lmut	Roma, 9 Yunyu 68
Ideg n uẓekka	Mausoleum of the Domitii Ahenobarbi (en)
Tamentilt n tmettant	homicide consensuel (fr)  (exsanguination (fr) )
Tawacult
Baba-s	Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Claude
Yemma-s	Agrippine la Jeune
Tissulya akked	Pythagoras (fr) Sporus (fr) Claudia Octavia (fr)  (53 -  62) Poppée (fr)  (62 -  65) Statilia Messalina (fr)  (66 -  9 Yunyu 68)
Abusin	Claudia Acte (fr)
Arraw-is	view Claudia Augusta (fr)
Tawacult	view Rufrius Crispinus (fr) (beau-fils (fr) )
Tawsit	Julio-Claudiens (fr) Domitii Ahenobarbi (fr) Claudii Nerones (fr)
Asegmi
Tutlayin	Talatint
Iselmaden	Terpnus (en)
Amahil
Amahil	amedyaz, asertay, aserdas d amusiqi
Taflest
Asɣan	religion de la Rome antique (fr)

Niru (s tlatinit: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus), ilul deg 15 Dujamber 37 S.Ɛ, yemmut deg 9 Yunyu 68 S.Ɛ, d amenkad aṛumani wis semmus(xemsa), yerna d aneggaru deg twacult n Yulyu-Klud (Julio-Claudienne). Yeṭṭef adabu seg useggas 54 ar 68 S.Ɛ. Xas akken iseggasen imezwura n udabu-s llan d wid n talwit d teɣdemt, isem-is yeqqen s lqis ɣer tdankit, takriḍt, akked Tmes Tameqqrant n Ṛuma. D yiwen seg yigelliden i d-yeǧǧan later lqayen deg umezruy n tmenkda taṛumanit, maca yettwassen s yir isem ɣef ljal n temsal n ddell i yexdem.

Tallit tamezwarut n lḥekm-is tella s ddaw n ufus d wallen n kraḍ wudmawen imeqqranen:

• Agrippina (Yemma-s): I yebɣan ad teḥkem tamenkda s ufus n mmi-s.

Deg umezruy n tmenkda taṛumanit, drus n tlawin i yesɛan tazmert d tezmert n tsertit am Agrippina Tamẓiyant. Imi i d-tewweḍ ad tessers mmi-s Niru ɣef wudem n udabu deg useggas 54 S.Ɛ, asmi yesɛa kan mraw d sa (17) n yiseggasen deg leɛmeṛ-is, tella tettwali iman-is d nettat i d aqeṛṛu n tidet n tmurt. Iseggasen imezwura n udabu n Niru, i yettwassnen s yisem n Quinquennium Neronis (Semmus iseggasen iṣfan n Niru), llan d annar n umennuɣ uffir ɣef udabu gar kraḍ n tgejda: Agrippina s timmad-is, afiluzuf Sinik (Sénèque), akked ujeniral Burrus.

Deg yiseggasen imezwura, Agrippina ur teffir ara akk lebɣi-s deg udabu. Tella tettekka deg tlufa n uwanek s wudem unṣib d wudem uffir. D nettat i yesselḥayen isuda imeqqranen n Ṛuma s yisem n mmi-s, yerna tessaweḍ ad tessekcem isem-is d tugna-s ula deg tedrimt (tiẓraf) taṛumanit. Deg waṭas n tebniqin n lawan-nni, tugna-s tella tetteddu-d s yidis n tugna n Niru, d ayen i d-yesskanen belli aẓayeṛ-is yerna ɣef uẓayeṛ n tmeṭṭut n umenkad neɣ yemma-s kan; tella d tamerkantit deg tmenkda. Rnu ɣef waya, asmi ara d-yili usemres n Usqamu Unnig (Sénat), Agrippina tella tettaṭṭaf amkan deffir n uɣenbur neɣ n tdebbuzt, tselled i wayen i d-yettwaxedmen yerna tettekka deg teɣtasin war ma walan-tt-id yinaẓrafen (iɛeggalen n usqamu). Iswi-s yella d aḥraz n udabu i d-tebna s ddeqs n txazabiyin d yidammen n wid i tt-yugin.

Maca, tazrirt-agi tameqqrant n Agrippina tebda tewwi-d acewwel ɣef Sinik d Burrus, i yellan d wid yessegzayen i Niru amek ara yiḥkem s teɣdemt d usaḍuf. Sin-a n yirgazen n tsertit walan belli aɣmar n Agrippina yezmer ad yesseɣli tamenkda deg tdankit d usenṭeḍ n tmenɣiwt. Dɣa bdan ttekksen-as adabu s ddaw yiḍarren-is. Llan ttweṣṣin Niru, sskanayen-as-d belli d netta i d amenkad ameqqran, yerna issefk fell-as ad yeḥkem s timanit war ma yeqqim s ddaw tmuɣli n yemma-s. S tallelt-nsen, Niru yebda yettḥussu belli tazmert-is tella s ddaw n ufus n tmeṭṭut-a tamesbaṭlit, dɣa yebda yettarra-tt ɣer teɣmart.

Tuqqna i d-yellan gar Niru d yemma-s tebda tettqerriṣ s ssebba n tudert-is tayiwnant. Agrippina tḥettem ɣef mmi-s ad yezweǧ d Ukṭafya (Octavie), iwakken ad yesseğhed aẓar-is deg twacult tamenkadt. Maca Niru yugi-tt, yerna yeɣli-d deg tayri n yiwet n tqeddact i d-yettwasuref i wumi qqaren Akṭi (Acte). Agrippina, imi twala belli tazrirt-is ɣef mmi-s tetteddu ad teɣli ɣef ljal n tqeddact-a, terfa aṭas yerna tebda tettgalla mgal Niru deg wuxxam n umenkad ameqqran. Tugdi-s tameqqrant tella d akken Akṭi ad tessiweḍ ad teḥkem deg wallaɣ n Niru, ayen ara d-yeglun s uṭixer n Agrippina seg tsertit.

Imi twala Niru yeffeɣ-as i wawal, Agrippina tessedrem-it s yiwen n wawal aẓayan: teggez-it belli ad tbeddel liser, yerna ad tesbedd Britanikus (mmi-s n Claudius n tidet) ɣef uqerru n tmenkda deg wemkan-is, acku d netta i d amekkasu aḥeqqani. Taggazt-agi tella d tuccḍa tameqqrant i texdem Agrippina. Niru, i d-yettrebban deg unnar n tkerrist, ur yeǧǧi ara lweqt i yemma-s. Yefka tinaḍin, yessaweḍ yenɣa Britanikus s ssem deg useggas 55 S.Ɛ, zdat n wallen n Agrippina.

S lmut n Britanikus, Agrippina tefhem belli mmi-s yuɣal d aseddanku i yezmer ad isengger ula d nettat. Seg wass-nni, Niru yekkes-as akk iɣallen-is d tɛessasin-is timezwura, yessufeɣ-itt seg uxxam n udabu, yerna yerra-tt tettidir weḥd-s deg yiwen n uxxam nniḍen. Tazrirt-is tasertant temmut dges, ɣas akken tudert-is tkemmel kra n yiseggasen ar d-yaweḍ useggas n 59 S.Ɛ, anda i d-yefka Niru anaḍ aneggaru iwakken ad tt-nɣen iserdasen-is, ayen i d-yessufɣen amenkad-a ɣer yiwet n tallit tamaynut n tkriḍt n tmeddurt-is.

• Sinik: Afiluzuf d amusnaw ameqqran i t-isselmeden.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca, i yettwassnen s yisem n Sinik (Sénèque), d yiwen seg wudmawen i d-yeǧǧan later lqayen deg umezruy n tmenkda taṛumanit d tfelsafit tagraɣlant. D afiluzuf n uɣerbaz astuyan (stoïcien), d amaru n umezgun, yerna d asertan ameqqran. Xas akken isem-is yeqqen s waṭas ɣer tuɣẓint n lɛeqliya, ṣṣbeṛ, d tezdeg n wul, amezruy-is asertan yezdi s telqayt d tmeddurt d yir tikli n umenkad Niru. Iseggasen imezwura n udabu n Niru llan d unnar anda Sinik yessemres tiktiwin-is iwakken ad iselḥu awanek aṛumani, maca llan daɣen d tazwira n tuccḍa-s ɣer tsusmi d uqbal n lbaṭel.

Tudert tasertant n Sinik tebda s uɣilif. Deg useggas 41 S.Ɛ, amenkad Kludyus (Claudius) yenfa-t ɣer tegzirt n Kurṣika s rregmat n yir tikli d yiwet n tmeṭṭut n udabu. Yeqqim dinna ṭam n yiseggasen, yettaru idlisen ɣef ṣṣbeṛ d tuẓult.

Deg useggas 49 S.Ɛ, taddart-is tebded-d sɣur Agrippina Tamẓiyant. Imi tezweǧ d Kludyus yerna tessaweḍ ad d-tessekcem mmi-s Niru ɣer wexxam n udabu amekkasu, teḥwaǧ argaz amusnaw, yesɛan ccan d wawal, ara yesselmeden mmi-s. Tekkes-as lmenfi i Sinik, terra-t d aselmad agejdan n Niru. Iswi n Agrippina yella d aselḥu n tugna n mmi-s zdat n uɣref d Usqamu Unnig. Sinka, s tmussni-s d tfelsafit-is, yebda yessers lsas n tẓult d tsertit deg wallaɣ n Niru, ɣas akken yufa d akken Niru yesɛa aṭas n leḥmala ɣer tẓuri, amezgun, d ccna ugar n tlufa n udabu d teɣdemt.

Asmi yewweḍ Niru ɣer udabu deg useggas 54 S.Ɛ, yella yesɛa kan 17 n yiseggasen. Ssebba n temẓi-s, ur yesɛi ara tirmit iwakken ad iselḥu tamenkda s timmad-is. D dagi i d-iban wazal n Sinik akked umeddakkel-is asertan, Burrus (Ajeniral n tredsa n umenkad).

Iseggasen-a imezwura ulin ɣer umezruy s yisem n Quinquennium Neronis (Semmus n yiseggasen iṣfan n Niru). Deg tidet, macci d Niru i yellan iḥekkem, maca d Sinik d Burrus. Tasertit i d-wwin tella d tin yebnan ɣef tezdeg d telwit:

1. Aseɣti n Teɣdemt: Sinik yessaweḍ ad yekkes aṭas n lqewanin iẓayanen i yellan sqehiren imdanen.
2. Tajmilt i Usqamu Unnig: Iwakken ad isemneɛ tamenkda seg tdankit, Sinik yerra-d azal i inaẓrafen n Usqamu Unnig, yeǧǧa-ten ad d-fken rray-nsen deg tlufa tigejdanin n tmurt.
3. Asenqes n Tiwsiwin: Yexdem tarrayin iwakken ad yesnulfu tadamsa yelhan i yigellilen, yerna yesenqes asgufsu deg temnaḍin n tmenkda.

Deg useggas 55 S.Ɛ, Sinik yura adlis-is ameqqran "De Clementia" i yefka d abuddu i Niru. Deg uḍris-a, afiluzuf issegzay-d belli amenkad ameqqran macci d win iyesxeddmen lǧehd d tugdi, maca d win yesɛan tazmert ad isuref yerna ad yeḥkem s tuẓult d tmlilɣi. D iswi ameqqran i wakken ad yeṭṭef Niru deg ubrid n ṣṣwab.

Sinik ur yelli ara weḥd-s deg wannar n udabu; Agrippina tella tebɣa ad teḥkem s ufus n mmi-s. Sinik d Burrus fhmen s zreb belli ma kemmlen s ddaw n uqeddac n tmeṭṭut-a, tamenkda ad tenger.

Dɣa, Sinik yessemres tiḥerci-s d tmusni-s n umezruy asertan iwakken ad ibedd mgal yemma-s n umenkad. S wudem uffir yerna s tazzla, yebda yekkat ad yessebɛed Agrippina seg tsertit:

• Yessexdem tayri n Niru i tqeddact-is Akṭi (Acte) iwakken ad yekkes tazrirt n yemma-s fell-as.
• Iḥudd ɣef Niru asmi Agrippina tebda tettgezzi-t s tmenɣiwt n mmi-s n tidet n Kludyus, Britannicus.

Maca, aya yessekcem Sinik deg yiwet n tuccḍa tameqqrant n temlilɣi-ines. Asmi Niru yessečč ssem i Britannicus (55 S.Ɛ), Sinik d Burrus rran iman-nsen ur ulin, ur d-kkin; qeblen lbaṭel-agi iwakken ad ḥerzen talwit n tmenkda d wemkan-nsen deg udabu. D asurif amezwaru n uɣelluy n tuzma n ufiluzuf.

Asurif i d-yewwin lmut ɣef tettwaflest n Sinka d timenɣiwt n Agrippina deg useggas 59. Imi Niru yeɣtes ad yenɣ yemma-s s wudem unṣib, Sinik d Burrus llan deg tegnit tucmit. Xas akken ahat ur llin ara deffir usenfar-a s timmad-nsen, maca ur bdiden ara mgal amenkad-nsen deg twaɣit-a.

Ayen yesserkan ugar isem n Sinik, d akken deffir n tmenɣiwt-a, d netta s timmad-is i yuran tabrat tunṣibt n umenkad i d-yezzuzren i Usqamu Unnig, anda isegzi belli Agrippina tella tettheyyi anguz iwakken ad tenɣ amenkad, yerna lmut-is tella d "asellek" n Ṛuma. Afiluzuf-nni i d-yuran ɣef rreḥma d tezdeg, yufa-d iman-is isneflali timenɣiwt n yemma-s n ugellid. Seg wass-nni, tazmert-is tasertant tebda tettneɣṣi, acku Niru ifaq belli yezmer ad yexdem ayen yebɣa war ma yehweṣ-it wemdan.

S lmut n umeddakkel-is Burrus deg useggas 62 S.Ɛ, Sinka yufa-d iman-is weḥd-s zdat n umenkad i yettuɣalen d adankal s tidet, yeččuren takriḍt. Niru yebda yessemras "iqezzaben" yerna yessufeɣ isuḍaf imeqqranen.

Sinik yewwi-d rray ad ijbed iman-is seg tsertit. Yessuter deg umenkad ad as-yeǧǧ ad yerr ɣer tama, yerna yessemsed-as akk ttrika-s d wayla-s ameqqran iwakken ad isemneɛ aqerruy-is. Xas akken Niru yugi-yas s wudem unṣib, Sinka yexla axxam n udabu, yeqqim deg wemkan-is, yettarra-d iman-is yuḍen, yerna ikemmel ad yaru idlisen-is n tfelsafit (am tbratin-is i Lucilius).

Tudert-is tfukk s wudem aḥezzan maca d astuyan n tidet. Deg useggas 65 S.Ɛ, yeffeɣ-d unguz n Pison iwakken ad nɣen Niru. Xas akken ulac anza belli Sinik yettekka deg-s s tidet, isem-is yettwabder-d. Niru yefka-yas lamer i uselmad-is aqbur ad yenɣ iman-is. Sinka yeqbel annect-a s wudem n yigelliden d yifiluzufen: yebra i yiẓuran-is, yeǧǧa idammen-is ad ffɣen s leɛqel, yerna ikemmel yettmeslay ɣef tfelsafit d ṣṣbeṛ i yimeddukal-is armi d asrag-is anggaru.

• Burrus: Aqerruy n yiserdasen iḥeddayen n umenkad.

Deg yiseggasen-a imezwura, tasertit n Ṛuma teṣfa. Niru yesseḥbiber ɣef teɣdemt, yesselhu aẓayeṛ n yiqeddacen (iklan), yerna yefka azal i Usqamu Unnig (Imni arumani). Isem n tallit-a yeqqim-d deg umezruy am tsusmi d ubaɣur i tmenkda.

Maca, s leɛḍil, Niru yebda yettwexxiṛ seg teɣri n yimawlan-is. Ikcem-it uɣemlil (Aɣedlilef) d ukukru n teḥraymit.

• Timenɣiwt n yemma-s (59 S.Ɛ): Imi Agrippina tkemmel tessekcam iman-is deg tlufa n udabu, Niru yeɣtes ad t-yessenger. Deffir n waṭas n wudmawen i yexdem iwakken ad tt-ineɣ s tuffra (am uɣrab n lbabuṛ yetturẓen iwakken ad yeɣreq), ɣer taggara iceggeɛ-as iserdasen i tt-yenɣan.
• Timenɣiwt n tlawin-is: Yenɣa tameṭṭut-is tamezwarut, Octavia, iwakken ad yezweǧ d Poppaea Sabina. Dɣa ula d Poppaea yenɣa-tt s teyitiwin mi tella s tadist. Ssakkin, ula d ameskar-is Sinka, iḥettem fell-as ad yenɣu iman-is. Niru yeqher inaẓrafen d yimeqqranen n tmenkda, yettarra-d akk ayla n Ṛuma d ayla-s.

Aneḍru yettwassnen aṭas deg tallit-is d times tameqqrant i yewwten tamdint n Ṛuma deg Yulyu n useggas 64. Times-agi tesreɣ aṭas n yigmamen n temdint d wazal n sḍis n wussan.

• Tuccḍa n Niru: Inekcamen n lawan-nni qqaren-d belli Niru yella icennu yerna yekkat agiṭar mi tetteṛɣay Ṛuma, yettxayel-d iman-is deg umezgun am aɣelluy n Tṛwa (Troie), ɣas akken ulac anza ufris ɣef waya. Maca isugen-as d ayen n lmuḥal.
• Tamasit ɣef Yimasiḥiyen: Iwakken ad isukkes iman-is seg rregmat n uɣref, Niru yerra tamasit d uɣilif ɣef tegrawt tamaynut n ddin i d-ibanen: Imasiḥiyen. Yeqher-iten s lḥif, yerra-ten d tiɣtas n tkerrist, isreɣ-iten, yerna yessaweḍ-iten ar lmut s yir isuraf deg wurar n unnar n tẓuri.

Niru yesɛa aramsu ameqqran i tẓuri. Yella yettwali iman-is d anaẓur (cennu, amezgun, timsizzelt n yikeryuten). Yella yettruḥu ad yurar deg tmurt n Legrig, ayen yessetḥan aṭas asqamu ameqqran aṛumani, acku ur d-yewwi ara s ccan i yiwen n umenkad ad yurar s udem agdudan gar yimdanen imuta.

Deffir n Tmes Tameqqrant, yexdem yiwen n usebɣer ameqqran : yebna axxam n ugelid d ameqqran i s-yefka isem n Domus Aurea (Axxam n Wureɣ). Tella d yiwet n temṣukt tameqqrant yerna d tabaẓṭit i yeččan aṭas n tedrimt d twensi n uɣref aṛumani.

Tasertit n Niru deg tdamsa teččur d axessar, d ayen i d-yewwin lxiq d wurrif seg yal tama n tmenkda, ladɣa gar yimḍebbren n lɛeskeṛ.

• Tigrawliwin n Yijeniralen: Deg useggas 68, yiwet n tegrawla tnekkred deg tmurt n Ɣul (Gaule) s ddaw tmehla n Vindex, syin tkemmel-d s tagrawla n Galba deg tmurt n Ṣbenya (Hispania).
• Timenɣiwt n yiman: Imi yufa iman-is weḥd-s, iserdasen-is d asqamu wwin-tt mgal-is yerna rran-t d "Aɛdaw n Uwanek". Niru yerwel seg temdint n Ṛuma. Mi yesla belli iserdasen teddun-d ad t-ṭṭfen iwakken ad t-nɣen s lmut n ddell (s uqbaṛ deg usalu), Niru yewwet iman-is s tuzzalt ɣer temgerṭ s tallelt n uqeddac-is (Epaphroditus) deg 9 Yunyu 68 S.Ɛ.