SpaceX
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Talɣut ɣef termist  | |
| Isem unṣib | Space Exploration Technologies Corp |
|---|---|
| Tamurt | Iwunak Yeddukklen n Marikan. |
| Taɣult n urmud | Tallunt, Taywalt, Tigzi taragmawant |
| Amaduf | 18 674 000 000 Adular amarikani (2025) ↑ +33,2 % (2024 → 2025) |
| Afaṛes n urmud | -2 589 000 000 Adular amarikani (2025) |
| Tigenfit n taggara | -4 937 000 000 Adular amarikani (2025) |
| Asmel unṣib | https://www.spacex.com/ |
Space Exploration Technologies Corp., yettwassnen s yisem n SpaceX, d takebbanit tamarikanit n temguri tallunant d yimeẓla n usiweḍ ɣer tallunt. Asutel-is (ammas-is agejdan) yezga-d deg temdint n Hawthorne, deg twilayt n Kalifuṛnya, deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen n Marikan. Yessers-itt Elon Musk deg useggas n 2002, s yiswi ameqran n usenqes n wazal n watig n yisiklen ɣer tallunt akken ad yili wemdan deg yimal d talmest tamaget-mtiwgan (ara izedɣen ugar n yiwen n umtiweg), ladɣa s usebded n temharsa deg umtiweg n Mezweɣ.
SpaceX tewwi-d asnulfu ameqran deg tesnatwilt tallunant imi d nettat i d tamezwarut deg umaḍal i d-yesbedden timeẓda yettwalsen useqdec (i yettallisen useqdec n tfekkiwin-nsent tigejdanin), ayen yessadren aṭas atig n usekkar n yigensiyen d yinawen allunanen.
1. Amezruy d usbeddi
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg useggas n 2001, Elon Musk yebɣa ad yeldi asenfar n usiwweḍ n yimɣan ɣer umtiweg n Mezweɣ s yisem n Mars Oasis, akken ad d-yessaki lebɣi n lɣaci ɣer usnirem n tallunt. Maca mi yerra ɣer Rrus ad d-yaɣ timeẓḍiyin n tiwḍin tiḥbawiyin (fusées balistiques intercontinentales), yufa-d tasqamt-nsent teɣlay mliḥ. Seg yimir, yefhem dakken amur ameqran n watig n tmeẓda yekka-d seg wammud n temguri d usebded ur nelli d unzig, mačči seg watig(ssuma) n sselɛa tamezwarut.
Deg 14 Meɣres 2002, Elon Musk yesbedd SpaceX deg temdint n El Segundo (uqbel ad tunag ɣer Hawthorne). Iswi-ines yella d aheggi n tmeẓḍiyin fessusen, ur ɣlayit ara, i yettawḍen ɣer uḥbu n Lqaɛa.
Falcon 1: Allal amezwaru
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Deg tazwara, takebbanit tennuɣ aṭas d wuguren iteknikiyen. Timeẓḍit tamezwarut, Falcon 1, terza deg kraḍ n yisenkar imezwura gar 2006 d 2008. SpaceX tqerreb ɣer uɣelluy d leflas n tedrimt. Maca deg 28 Ctembeṛ 2008, Falcon 1 tewweḍ akken iwata ɣer uḥbu n Lqaɛa; d nettat i d timeẓḍit tamezwarut tusligt yesseqdacen aserɣu imengi i yessawḍen annect-a deg umezruy.
Agatu d NASA (Amtawa CRS)
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Mi d-teḍra teswiɛt-a, tasudut n tallunt tamarikanit (NASA) tefka i SpaceX yiwen n ugatu ameqran deg ukatar n wahil Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) s wazal n 1.6 n yimelyaren n yidulaṛen. Agatu-agi yella d asiweḍ n yisafaren ɣer Tɣsert Tallunant Tagraɣlant (ISS) s tmeẓḍa Falcon 9 d unaw Dragon. D aya i iselken takebbanit seg lexsaṛa, yerna yeldi-yas tawwurt ɣer unegmu ameqran.
2. Allalen d yisenfaren igejdanen
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Timeẓḍit Falcon 9 d Falcon Heavy
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Falcon 9 d timeẓḍit n sin n yiswiren i ibeddun s yimsedda n tawsit Merlin (i yesseqdacen kirusin RP-1 akked uksijin aleggaɣ / LOX). Tamezwarut deg Falcon 9 d tawila-ines i useqdec uzzig: tafekka tamezwarut (premier étage) ur tettwaglaz ara deg yilel am akken teḍra d tmeẓḍiyin tiqburin; tettuɣal-d s leɛqel s useqdec n yimsedda-s akken ad ters ɣef wakal neɣ ɣef tefliwin tiylalanin deg yilel (autonomous spaceport drone ships).
Falcon Heavy d timeẓḍit teččur d tazmert, tebna ɣef kraḍt n tfekkiwin n Falcon 9 yeddukklen (27 n yimsedda Merlin). Asenker-ines amezwaru yella-d deg Fuṛar 2018, anida i tewwi takeṛṛust n Tesla Roadster ɣer tallunt.
Anaw allunan Dragon d Crew Dragon
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Dragon d allal allunan i d-yessawḍen sselɛa ɣer Tɣsert Tallunant Tagraɣlant deg 2012. D nettat i d anaw amezwaru uslig i iqerben ɣer ISS.
Seg-s i d-yennulfa Crew Dragon (Dragon 2), anaw yesɛan tazmert i yimsallunen (astronautes). Deg Mayyu 2020, SpaceX tessuli sin n yimsallunen n NASA (Bob Behnken d Doug Hurley) deg tuɣdaḍt Demo-2, d ayen i d-yerran tuɣḍaḍin n usali n yimdanen ɣer tallunt seg wakal n Temrikt deffir mi yekfa wahil n Navette Spatiale deg 2011.
Asenfar n Starship
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Starship d asenfar ameqran akk n SpaceX. Yebna s sin n yiḥricen: tafekka tamezwarut i wumi semman Super Heavy, d unaw amatu i wumi qqaren Starship. D timezdit yettwalsen useqdec s lekmal-is (100%), yesɛan imseddayen n tewsit Raptor i iteddun s lmitan (methalox) d uksijin aleggaɣ.
Iswi n Starship d asiweḍ n ugar n 100 n yiṭunnen n sselɛa neɣ n yimdanen ɣer waggur (Ayyur), ɣer Mezweɣ, d tiɣula tiḥerfiyin n tallunt taqribt. NASA textar Starship akken ad yili d amessikel i wahil-is Artemis III ara yessersen imdanen ɣef wayyur.
Aẓeṭṭa n yigensaten Starlink
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Starlink d tayemmunt tameqrant n yigensaten imeẓẓyanen deg uḥbu amadday n Lqaɛa (LEO - Low Earth Orbit). Iswi n usenfar-a d asiweḍ n uẓeṭṭa n internet s tazzla tameqrant d unqas n tanzagt n tririt (low latency) ɣer yal tama deg umaḍal, ladɣa timnaḍin ur nesɛi ara tilifun neɣ ifibren n trisiti d Internet.
3. Tidyanin d warrazen igejdanen
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]SpaceX tessaweḍ ad tessebded aṭas n yikayaden d yirekkuṛen(imḍanen s wudem afellay) deg umezruy n tsnallunt:
2008: Asekkar amezwaru n tmeẓḍit tusligt yesseqdacen aserɣu alemmas (Falcon 1) ɣer uḥbu.
2012: Anaw amezwaru uslig (Dragon) i yewwḍen ɣer Tɣsert Tallunant Tagraɣlant (ISS).
Duǧembeṛ 2015: Tikkelt tamezwarut deg umezruy anida tafekka tamezwarut n tmeẓḍit taḥbawant (Falcon 9) ters-d s tezmert-is ɣef wakal deg tɣsert n Cape Canaveral.
Meɣres 2017: Allas n useqdec n tfekka tamezwarut i yeffɣen yakan ɣer tallunt tikkelt tis snat.
Mayyu 2020: Tuɣdaḍt Crew Dragon Demo-2, asali amezwaru n yimsallunen s tkebbanit tusligt.
Ctembeṛ 2021: Tuɣdaḍt Inspiration4, asikel amezwaru ɣer tallunt anida akk imdanen i yulin d iɣarimen (mačči d imsallunen n ddewla).
4. Iswiyen n yimal
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Iswi agejdan n SpaceX d asikel ɣer umtiweg n Mezweɣ. Elon Musk yeqqar dakken aɣref amdan yessefk fell-as ad yesɛu tamhelt deg wugar n yiwen n umtiweg akken ur yettenger ara ma teḍra-d twaɣit deg Lqaɛa (am unṭag n yitran neɣ n yiẓra n tallunt, imenɣi aɣelnaw, atg.). SpaceX tebɣa ad tessebded tamdint tamezwarut deg Mezweɣ s useqdec n tmeẓḍa n Starship ara yeddun deg yiseggasen i d-iteddun.