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User:MeritedElm63160/Help:IPA

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The latest official IPA chart, revised to 2020

Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Several rare IPA symbols are not included. These IPA symbols are found in the main IPA article.  

Contents: Top – 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Main symbols

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Symbol Examples
^ top
A
[a] ⓘ German Mann, French gare
[ä] ⓘ Mandarin 他 tā, American English father, Spanish casa, French patte
[ɐ] ⓘ RP cut, German Kaiserslautern
[ɑ] ⓘ RP father, French pâte, Dutch bad
[ɑ̃] ⓘ French Caen, sans, temps
[ɒ] ⓘ RP cot
[ʌ] ⓘ American English cut
[æ] ⓘ RP cat
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B
[b] ⓘ English babble
[ɓ] ⓘ Swahili bwana
[β] ⓘ Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa
[ʙ] ⓘ Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw"
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C
[c] ⓘ Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and"
[ç] ⓘ German Ich
[ɕ] ⓘ Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana
[ɔ] ⓘ see under O
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D
[d] ⓘ English dad
[ɗ] ⓘ Swahili Dodoma
[ɖ] ⓘ American English harder
[ð] ⓘ English the, bathe
[dz] ⓘ English adds, Italian zero
[dʒ] ⓘ English judge
[dʑ] ⓘ Polish niedźwiedź "bear"
[dʐ] ⓘ Polish dżem "jam"
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E
[e] ⓘ Spanish fe; French clé, German Klee
[ɘ] ⓘ Australian English bird
[ə] ⓘ English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"
[ɚ] ⓘ American English runner
[ɛ] ⓘ English bet
[ɛ̃] ⓘ French Saint-Étienne, vin, main
[ɜ] ⓘ RP bird (long)
[ɝ] ⓘ American English bird
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F
[f] ⓘ English fun
[ɟ] ⓘ see under J
[ʄ] ⓘ see under J
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G
[ɡ] ⓘ English gag
[ɠ] ⓘ Swahili Uganda
[ɢ] ⓘ
[ʒ] ⓘ see under Z
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H
[h] ⓘ American English house
[ɦ] ⓘ English ahead, when said quickly.
[ʰ]
[ħ] ⓘ Arabic ‏مُحَمَّد‎ Muhammad
[ɥ] ⓘ see under Y
[ɮ] ⓘ see under L
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I
[i] ⓘ English sea, French ville, Spanish Valladolid
[ɪ] ⓘ English sit
[ɨ] ⓘ Russian ты "you"
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J
[j] ⓘ English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
[ʲ] In Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn]
[ʝ] ⓘ Spanish cayo (some dialects)
[ɟ] ⓘ Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"
[ʄ] ⓘ Swahili jambo
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K
[k] ⓘ English kick, skip
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L
[l] ⓘ English leaf
[ɫ] ⓘ English wool

Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"
[ɬ] ⓘ Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey"

Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"
[ɭ] ⓘ
[ɺ] ⓘ
[ɮ] ⓘ Zulu dla "eat"
[ʟ] ⓘ
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M
[m] ⓘ English mime
[ɱ] ⓘ English symphony
[ɯ] ⓘ see under W
[ʍ] ⓘ see under W
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N
[n] ⓘ English nun
[ŋ] ⓘ English sing, Māori nga
[ɲ] ⓘ Spanish Peña, French champagne
[ɳ] ⓘ Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna
[ɴ] ⓘ Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]
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O
[o] ⓘ Spanish no, French eau, German Boden
[ɔ] ⓘ German Oldenburg, French Garonne
[ɔ̃] ⓘ French Lyon, son
[ø] ⓘ French feu, bœufs, German Goethe
[ɵ] ⓘ Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum
[œ] ⓘ French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen
[œ̃] ⓘ French brun, parfum
[ɶ] ⓘ
[θ] ⓘ see under Others
[ɸ] ⓘ see under Others
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P
[p] ⓘ English pip
^ top
Q
[q] ⓘ Arabic ‏قُرْآن‎ Qur’ān
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R
[r] ⓘ Spanish perro, Scots borrow
[ɾ] ⓘ Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie
[ʀ] ⓘ Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers)
[ɽ] ⓘ Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari"
[ɹ] ⓘ RP borrow
[ɻ] ⓘ Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter
[ʁ] ⓘ French Paris, German Riemann (some dialects)
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S
[s] ⓘ English sass
[ʃ] ⓘ English shoe
[ʂ] ⓘ Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin)
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T
[t] ⓘ English tot, stop
[ʈ] ⓘ Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"
[ts] ⓘ English cats, Russian царь tsar
[tʃ] ⓘ English church
[tɕ] ⓘ Mandarin 北京 Běijīng (listenⓘ), Polish ciebie "you"
[tʂ] ⓘ Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas
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U
[u] ⓘ American English food, French vous "you", German Schumacher
[ʊ] ⓘ English foot, German Bundesrepublik
[ʉ] ⓘ Australian English food (long)
[ɥ] ⓘ see under Y
[ɯ] ⓘ see under W
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V
[v] ⓘ English verve
[ʋ] ⓘ Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna"
[ɤ] ⓘ see under Y
[ɣ] ⓘ see under Y
[ʌ] ⓘ see under A
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W
[w] ⓘ English wow
[ʷ]
[ʍ] ⓘ what (some dialects)
[ɯ] ⓘ Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol
[ɰ] ⓘ Spanish agua
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X
[x] ⓘ Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven
[χ] ⓘ northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]
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Y
[y] ⓘ French rue, German Bülow
[ʏ] ⓘ German Düsseldorf
[ɣ] ⓘ Arabic ‏غَالِي‎ ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro
[ɤ] ⓘ Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh
[ʎ] ⓘ Italian tagliatelle
[ɥ] ⓘ French lui
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Z
[z] ⓘ English zoo
[ʒ] ⓘ English vision, French journal
[ʑ] ⓘ old-styled Russian позже [ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polish źle
[ʐ] ⓘ Russian жир "fat"
[ɮ] ⓘ see under L
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Others
[θ] ⓘ English thigh, bath
[ɸ] ⓘ Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui
[ʔ] ⓘ English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst
[ʕ] ⓘ Arabic ‏عَرَبِيّ‎ ʻarabī "Arabic"
[ǀ] ⓘ English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"
[ǁ] ⓘ English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"
[ǃ] ⓘ Zulu iqaqa "polecat"
[ʘ] ⓘ ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two"
[ǂ] ⓘ Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth"

Marks added to letters

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Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. The complete list is shown at International Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation.

Symbol Example
Signs above a letter
[ã] French vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃] "white wine"
[ä] Portuguese vá [vä] "go"
Signs below a letter
[a̯] English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯]
[n̥] English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯]

(see also)

[n̩] English button
[d̪] Spanish dos, French deux
Signs next to a letter
[kʰ] English come
[k’] Zulu ukuza "come"
[aː] English shh! [ʃː]
[aˑ] RP caught [ˈkʰɔˑt]
[ˈa] pronunciation

[pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩]
[ˌa]
[.] English courtship [ˈkʰɔrt.ʃɪp]

Computer input using on-screen keyboard

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Online IPA keyboard utilities are available.


For iOS there are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g. IPA Phonetic Keyboard.

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Other websites

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