Mastos

Mastos (starogrško μαστός, latinizirano: mastos, dob. 'prsi', množina mastoi) je starogrška posoda za pitje v obliki ženskih prsi. Ta vrsta se imenuje tudi parabolična skodelica in ima vzporedne primerke iz stekla ali srebra.^[1] Primeri so predvsem v črnofiguralni ali beli tehniki,^[2] čeprav so zgodnji primerki lahko rdečefiguralni.^[3] Mastos ima običajno dva ročaja in 'bradavico' na dnu, čeprav imajo nekateri primerki namesto tega nogo kot podlago. Mastoidna skodelica je stožčasta, vendar z ravnim dnom, z ročaji ali brez njih.^[4]

Ročaja mastosa sta lahko parna vodoravno, lahko pa sta razporejena tudi z enim vodoravnim in enim navpičnim, kot ročaj vrčka. Navpični ročaj bi olajšal pitje iz relativno globoke posode, v nasprotju s plitvejšim kiliksom. Če je bil en ročaj obrnjen pod drugačnim kotom, je lahko bila to tudi naprava za obešanje skodelice, ko je imela koničasto obliko. dno.^[5]

V nekaterih arheoloških kontekstih oblika skodelice, podobna prsim, nakazuje na obredne funkcije. Mastoji in votivne upodobitve prsi so kot daritve (vota) v svetiščih božanstev, kot sta Diana in Herkul, ki sta oba v starorimski religiji imela funkcije, povezane z rojevanjem, dojenjem in vzgojo otrok. Posvetitve so včasih opravljale dojilje.^[6] Skodelica v obliki prsi ima lahko verski pomen; pitje materinega mleka s strani odrasle osebe, ki je starejša ali tik pred smrtjo, je simboliziralo morebitno ponovno rojstvo v posmrtnem življenju.^[7] V etruščanski tradiciji boginja Juno (Uni) ponudi svoje prsi Herkulu kot znak, da lahko vstopi v vrste nesmrtnih.^[8]

Sklici

↑ Susan I. Rotroff, "Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material," part 1, The Athenian Agora 29 (1997), pp. 109–110 (see note 107 on the imprecision of nomenclature) and 276.
↑ Andrew J. Clark, Maya Elston, and Mary Louise Hart, Understanding Greek Vases: A Guide to Terms, Styles, and Techniques (Getty Publications, 2002), p. 116.
↑ Beth Cohen, "Oddities of Very Early Red-figure and a New Fragment at the Getty," in Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum (Getty Publications, 1989), vol. 4, p. 80.
↑ Clark, Elston, and Hart, Understanding Greek Vases, p. 116.
↑ Cohen, "Oddities," in Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum, vol. 4, p. 80.
↑ Celia E. Schultz, Women's Religious Activity in the Roman Republic (University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 54, 68, 101, 115; John G. Younger, Sex in the Ancient World from A to Z (Routledge, 2005), p. 36.
↑ Anthony Corbeill, Nature Embodied: Gesture in Ancient Rome (Princeton University Press, 2004), pp. 101–103; Fritz Graf and Sarah Iles Johnston, Ritual Texts for the Afterlife: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets (Routledge, 2007), pp. 128–129. Perhaps also a reference to the "Milky Way" as a path to the heavens.
↑ Nancy Thomson de Grummond, Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2006), pp. 83–84.

[1] Susan I. Rotroff, "Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material," part 1, The Athenian Agora 29 (1997), pp. 109–110 (see note 107 on the imprecision of nomenclature) and 276.

[2] Andrew J. Clark, Maya Elston, and Mary Louise Hart, Understanding Greek Vases: A Guide to Terms, Styles, and Techniques (Getty Publications, 2002), p. 116.

[3] Beth Cohen, "Oddities of Very Early Red-figure and a New Fragment at the Getty," in Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum (Getty Publications, 1989), vol. 4, p. 80.

[4] Clark, Elston, and Hart, Understanding Greek Vases, p. 116.

[5] Cohen, "Oddities," in Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum, vol. 4, p. 80.

[6] Celia E. Schultz, Women's Religious Activity in the Roman Republic (University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 54, 68, 101, 115; John G. Younger, Sex in the Ancient World from A to Z (Routledge, 2005), p. 36.

[7] Anthony Corbeill, Nature Embodied: Gesture in Ancient Rome (Princeton University Press, 2004), pp. 101–103; Fritz Graf and Sarah Iles Johnston, Ritual Texts for the Afterlife: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets (Routledge, 2007), pp. 128–129. Perhaps also a reference to the "Milky Way" as a path to the heavens.

[8] Nancy Thomson de Grummond, Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2006), pp. 83–84.

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