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Jilida

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Jilida Af Ingiriis: Acting waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheegayo jilitaaddeeda jilaa qaata dabeecad—gudaha tiyattarka, televisanka, filimka, raadiyaha, ama wixii warbaahin kale ah ee isticmaasha habka mimetic. Jilitaaddu waxay ku lug leedahay xirfado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan malayn horumaray, kartida shucuureed, muujinta jidhka, qeylada codka, caddaynta hadalka, iyo awoodda lagu fasiro riwaayadda. Jilitaaddu waxay sidoo kale dalbanaysaa awood ay ku isticmaasho lahjadaha, lahjadaha gaarka ah, jilitaanta isla-goobta ah, kormeerka iyo ku-dayashada, mimaajada, iyo dagaalka masraxa. Jilaayaal badani waxay tababar dheer ku qaataan barnaamijyo takhasus leh ama kulliyado si ay u horumariyaan xirfadahan. Inta badan jilaayaasha xirfadlayaasha ah waxay soo mareen tababar ballaaran. Jilaayaasha rag iyo dumarba waxay inta badan leeyihiin macallimiin iyo bareyaal badan oo loogu talagalay tababar dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan heesta, shaqada goobta, farsamooyinka imtixaanka jilitaanka, iyo u jilitaanka kaamirada. Inta badan ilaha hore ee Reer Galbeedka ee baara fanka jilitaanka (Ancient Greek: ὑπόκρισις, hypokrisis) waxay kala hadlaan qayb ka mid ah hadal-jeedinta.[1]

Taariikh

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Mid ka mid ah jilaayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay wuxuu ahaa Giriiggii hore oo lagu magacaabo Thespis oo ka tirsanaa Icaria ee Ateenay. Isagoo qoraya laba qarni ka dib dhacdada, Aristotle kitaabkiisa Poetics (c. 335 BCE) wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Thespis uu ka tallaabsaday dithyrambic kooxda heesaha oo uu kala hadlay sidii dabeecad gooni ah. Kahor Thespis, kooxda heesaha waxay wadday sheeko-sheegid (tusaale ahaan, "Dionysus ayaa sidan sameeyay, Dionysus wuxuu yiri"). Markii Thespis uu ka soo baxay kooxda heesaha, wuxuu u hadlay sidii haddii uu yahay dabeecadda (tusaale ahaan, "Anigu waxaan ahay Dionysus, tan waan sameeyay"). Si loo kala saaro hababkan sheeko-sheegidda ee kala duwan—jilitaanka iyo sheeko-sheegidda—Aristotle wuxuu isticmaalaa ereyada "mimesis" (iyada oo loo marayo jilitaanka) iyo "diegesis" (iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-sheegidda).[2] Magaca jilaaga Giriigga ah ee Thespis ayaa laga soo qaatay erayga "thespian".

Tababarka

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Xubnaha Istuudiyaha Koowaad, oo uu kula billaabay Stanislavski horumarinta nidaamkiisa tababarka jilaaga, kaas oo saldhig u ah tababarka ugu badan ee xirfadleyda ah ee Reer Galbeedka.

Kulliyadaha iyo duugisyada riwaayadaha waxay inta badan bixiyaan tababar laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan dhinacyada jilitaanka. Jaamacaduhu badanaa waxay bixiyaan barnaamijyo saddex ilaa afar sano ah, kuwaas oo ardaygu badanaa awood u leeyahay inuu doorto inuu diiradda saaro jilitaanka, halka uu sii wado barashada dhinacyada kale ee tiyaatarka. Dugsiyadu way ku kala duwan yihiin habkooda, laakiin Waqooyiga Ameerika habka ugu caansan ee la baro wuxuu ka soo jeedaa nidaamka Konstantin Stanislavski, kaas oo laga soo saaray oo laga caan-bixiyay Ameerika sida method acting ay sameeyeen Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Sanford Meisner, iyo kuwo kale.

Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah jihayn jidheed oo badan, sida midka ay dhiirrigeliyahaan ku-dhaqmeeyaasha tiyaatarka ee kala duwan sida Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski, ama Vsevolod Meyerhold. Fasaladu waxay kaloo ka mid noqon karaan psychotechnique, shaqada maaskarada, tiyaatarka jismiga, improvisation, iyo jilitaanka kaamirada.

Iyadoo aan loo eegin habka dugsigu leeyahay, ardaydu waa inay fildaan tababar xoog leh oo ku saabsan fasiraadda qoraalka, codka, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Codsiyada barnaamijyada riwaayadaha iyo kulliyadaha waxay inta badan ku lug leeyihiin imtixaan jileed ballaaran. Qof kasta oo ka weyn da'da 18 sano caadi ahaan wuu codsan karaa. Tababarka waxaa kale oo laga bilaabi karaa da' yar. Fasalada jilitaanka iyo dugsiyada xirfadleyda ah ee la eegto dadka da'doodu ka hooseyso 18 waa kuwo baahsan. Fasaladan waxay u soo bandhigaan jilaayaasha da'da yar dhinacyada kala duwan ee jilitaanka iyo tiyaatarka, oo ay ku jirto daraasadda goobaha.

Tababarka kordhay iyo soo-bandhigidda hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha waxay u oggolaaneysaa dadka inay ilaashadaan fizioloji dagan oo deggan.[3] Cabbiraadda garaaca wadnaha ee qofka hadlaya dadweynaha hortooda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka mid tahay hababka ugu fudud ee lagu qiimeeyo isbeddellada stress, maadaama garaaca wadnaha uu kordho marka ay timaado walwal. Sida jilaayaashu u kordhiyaan jilitaankooda, garaaca wadnaha iyo calaamadaha kale ee walwalka ayaa yaraan kara.[4] Tani waa mid aad muhiim ugu ah tababarka jilaayaasha, maadaama istiraatiijiyadaha la qabsiga ee laga helay soo-bandhigidda la kordhiyay ee hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha ay nidaamin karaan walwalka qarsan iyo kan muuqda.[5] Marka la tago hay'ad ku takhasustay jilitaanka, fursadda kordhaysa ee jilitaanka waxay horseedaysaa fizioloji ka dagan iyo hoos u dhaca walwalka iyo saameynteeda jirka. Saamayntani waxay ka soo jeeni karaan caafimaadka hoormoonka ilaa garashada taas oo saameyn karta tayada nolosha iyo waxqabadka.[6]

Tixraac

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  1. ↑ Csapo and Slater (1994, 257); hypokrisis, oo macnaheedu yahay "jilitaad," waa erayga loo isticmaalo doodaha ku saabsan gaarsiinta hadal-jeedinta.
  2. ↑ Halliwell, Stephen (2013-09-12). "Diegesis – Mimesis". The living handbook of narratology. University of Hamburg. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  3. ↑ Zuardi; Crippa; Gorayeb (2012). "Human experimental anxiety: actual public speaking induces more intense physiological responses than simulated public speaking". Sci Elo Brazil. 35 (3): 248–253. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0930. PMID 24142085.
  4. ↑ Mesri, Bita; Niles, Andrea; Pittig, Andre; LeBeau, Richard; Haik, Ethan; Craske, Michelle (2017). "Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder". Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 55: 66–72. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.010. PMC 5315620. PMID 27915159.
  5. ↑ Gyurak, Anett; Gross, James; Etkin, Amit (2012). "Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Dual-Process Framework". Cogn Emot. 3 (25): 400–412. doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.544160. PMC 3280343. PMID 21432682.
  6. ↑ Sonia, Lupien; McEwen, Bruce; Gunnar, Megan; Christine (2009). "Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10 (6): 434–445. doi:10.1038/nrn2639. PMID 19401723. S2CID 205504945.

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