U bood nuxurka

Wikibidhiya

Bedel linkiga
Laga soo xigtay Wikipedia, Insaykalobeedhiya xorta ah
Wikipedia
An incomplete sphere made of large, white jigsaw puzzle pieces. Each puzzle piece contains one glyph from a different writing system, with each glyph written in black.
Sawirka astaanta Wikipedia wuxuu muujinayaa kubbad ka samaysan qaybo halxiraale ah oo leh astaamo ka kala socda luqado kala duwan.
Screenshot
Bogga hore ee Wikipedia oo muujinaya luqadaha kala duwan, kuwaas oo loo kala soocay tirada maqaallada
Bogga hore ee Wikipedia ee kombuyuutarka sannadkii 2022
Nooca bogga
Ensiklabeediyo onlayn ah
Lagu heli karo348 luqadaha[a][b]
Ka horeeyayNupedia
Xarunta dhexeSan Francisco, California, US
Waddanka asal ahaanMareykanka
Aagga adeeggaAdduunka oo dhan (marka laga reebo Shiinaha, Myanmar, iyo Woqooyiga Kuuriya)
MilkiileWikimedia Foundation (tan iyo 2003)
Waxaa sameeyay
  • Jimmy Wales
  • Larry Sanger
URLwikipedia.org
Taageerada IPv6La taageeray
GanacsiMaya
DiiwaangelinIkhtiyaari[c]
Isticmaaleyaal137 milyan (laga bilaabo Nofeembar 12, 2026)
La bilaabayJanaayo 15, 2001 (25 sanado ka hor) (2001-01-15)
Xaaladda haddaFirfircoon
Ruqsadda nuxurka
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0[d]
Lambarka OCLC52075003

Wikipedia[e] waa ensiklabeediyo onlayn ah oo bilaash ah, waxaana qora oo maamula bulsho ka kooban tafatirayaal mutadawiciin ah oo loo yaqaan Wikipedians, iyagoo adeegsanaya iskaashi furan iyo softiweerka wiki ee MediaWiki. Waxaa aasaasay Jimmy Wales iyo Larry Sanger sannadkii 2001, Wikipedia waxaa tan iyo 2003 martigelinaysay Wikimedia Foundation, oo ah hay'ad aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo Mareykan ah, taas oo inta badan lagu maalgeliyo deeqaha ay bixiyaan akhristayaashu.[1] Wikipedia waa shaqada tixraaca ee ugu weyn uguna akhriska badan taariikhda.[2][3]

Wikipedia oo markii hore lagu heli karay oo keliya luqadda Ingiriisiga, hadda waxay leedahay in ka badan 300 oo luqadood, waana mid ka mid ah mareegaha ugu booqashada badan adduunka as of 2026. Wikipedia-da Soomaaliga, oo leh in ka badan 14168 kun oo maqaal, weli waa nooca ugu weyn. Noocyada kala duwan ee Wikipedia waxay si wadajir ah uga kooban yihiin in ka badan 68 milyan maqaal, waxayna soo jiitaan in ka badan 1.5 bilyan oo booqasho oo laga sameeyo qalabyo gaar ah iyo 13 milyan oo tafatir bishii (celcelis ahaan qiyaastii shan tafatir ilbiriqsikii) as of Abriil 2024[4] As of Diseembar 2025 in ka badan 25% taraafikada Wikipedia waxay ka timaadaa Mareykanka, halka Jabaan ay ka tahay ku dhowaad 7%, Boqortooyada Midowday, Jarmalka, iyo Ruushkana mid kastaaba uu ka yahay qiyaastii 5%.[5]

Wikipedia waxaa lagu ammaanay qaab-dhismeedkeeda gudaha iyo dhaqankeeda, maadaama ay suurtageliso dimuqraadiyeynta aqoonta iyo daboolidda ballaaran ee mowduucyo kala duwan. Ensiklabeediyada waxaa sidoo kale lagu dhaleeceeyay eexda nidaamsan, sida eexda jinsiga ee ka dhanka ah haweenka iyo eexda juqraafiyeed ee ka dhanka ah Koonfurta Caalamiga ah.[6][7] Kalsoonida Wikipedia waxaa inta badan la dhaleeceyn jiray sannadihii 2000-meeyadii, laakiin waxay heshay ammaan ka sii weyn laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii 2010-meeyadii wixii ka dambeeyay.[2][8] Faafreebka Wikipedia ee ay sameeyaan dowladaha kala duwan wuxuu isugu jiray xannibaadda bogag gaar ah ilaa xannibaadda dhammaan mareegta, mararka qaarkoodna waxaa sabab u ahaa dhaleeceynta dowladda ama nuxur loo arkay mid meel ka dhac ah.[9][10] Maqaallada Wikipedia ee ku saabsan wararka degdegga ah waxaa dad badan u adeegsadaan il ay ka helaan macluumaadka cusub.[11][12]

Taariikhda

Aasaasayaasha Wikipedia Jimmy Wales iyo Larry Sanger labaduba sanadka 2026

Nupedia

Encyclopedia-yada kala duwan ee la wada shaqeeyo ee internet-ka ayaa la isku dayay ka hor intaan la bilaabin Wikipedia, laakiin waxay lahaayeen guul kooban.[13] Wikipedia waxay billowday mashruuc kabid ah oo loogu talagalay Nupedia, oo ah mashruuc encyclopedia ah oo online ah oo af-Soomaali ah oo bilaash ah cida ay maqaalladooda qoreen khubaro oo lagu eegayay habraac rasmi ah.[14] Waxaa la aasaasay Maarso 9, 2000, iyada oo hoos imaanaysa mulkiyadda Bomis, oo ah shirkad bogga internet-ka ah. Xubniheeda ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen madaxa shirkadda Bomis Jimmy Wales iyo Larry Sanger, oo ahaa tifaftiraha guud ee Nupedia iyo dabadeedna Wikipedia.[15][16] Nupedia markii hore waxaa lagu shatiyeeyay shatigeeda gaarka ah ee Nupedia Open Content License. Kahor intaan la aasaasin Wikipedia, Nupedia waxay u beddeshay GNU Free Documentation License iyada oo uu ku boorriyay Richard Stallman.[17] Wales waxaa inta badan loo aqoonsadaa inuu qeexay ujeeddada ah in la sameeyo encyclopedia si dadweynuhu ay wax uga beddeli karaan,[18] halka Sanger loo aqoonsaday istaraatiijiyadda ah in la isticmaalo wiki si loo gaaro ujeeddadaas.[19] Janaayo 10, 2001, Sanger wuxuu ku soo jeediyay liiska boostada ee Nupedia in la abuuro wiki oo ah mashruuc "quudin" ah oo loogu talagalay Nupedia.[20]

Daahfurka iyo Koritaanka

Wikipedia waxay la daahfuray Janaayo 15, 2001 (mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan "Maalinta Wikipedia"),[21] iyada oo ah daabacaad keliya oo af-Soomaali ah oo wadata magaca domain-ka www.wikipedia.com,[22] waxaana ku dhuawaaqay Sanger oo ku jira liiska boostada ee Nupedia.[18] Magaca, oo uu soo jeediyay Sanger si looga hortago wax kasta oo waxyeelo ah oo soo gaari kara magaca Nupedia,[23] wuxuu ka soo jeestay erey isku dar ah oo ah erayada wiki iyo encyclopedia.[24][25] Wales wuxuu sheegay in fikradda Wikipedia ay saameeyeen fikradaha nidaamka iskaba-imaadka ah ee la xiriira Friedrich Hayek iyo Dugsiga Dhaqaalaha ee Austriya ka dib markii uu la kulmay fikradahan dhaqaaley yahanka xorta ah Mark Thornton.[26][27] Gaar ahaan, Wales waxaa saameeyay qormadii Hayek ee The Use_of Knowledge in Society isagoo sheegay inay ahayd "udub dhexaad" u ah fikirkiisa ku saabsan "sida loo maareeyo mashruuca Wikipedia".[27] Siyaasaddeeda isku-dhafnaan ee ah "aragtida dhexdhexaadka ah" waxay soo baxday sanadkeedii ugu horreeyay.[28] Haddii kale, bilowgii waxaa jiray xeerar yar oo qaraabo ah, waxayna si madaxbannaan u maamulaysay Nupedia.[18] Bomis markii ugu horreysay waxay u toosnayd inay noqoto ganacsi faa'iido doon ah.[29]

Bogga hoyga ee Wikipedia bishii Diseembar 20, 2001[f]

Wikipedia waxay ka heshay wax ku darsadayaasha hore Nupedia, qoraallada Slashdot, iyo tilmaamaha mashiinka raadinta webka. Daabacaadaha luqadaha waxaa la abuuray iyadoo la bilaabayo Maarso 2001, iyadoo guud ahaan 161 ay isticmaalayeen dhammaadkii 2004.[30][31] Nupedia iyo Wikipedia waxay wada jireen ilaa inta server-kii hore la dejiyay si joogto ah 2003, qoraalkeedana lagu daray Wikipedia. Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay dhaaftay calaamadda 2 milyan oo maqaal Sebtembar 9, 2007, taasoo ka dhigtay encyclopedia-yadii ugu waaweynaa ee abid la soo ururiyo, iyadoo dhaaftay Yongle Encyclopedia ee lagu sameeyay Shiinaha intii lagu jiray boqortooyadii Ming 1408, taas oo haysay rikoodhka ku dhowaad 600 oo sano.[32]

Cabsi laga qabay xayeysiisyada ganacsiga iyo la'aanta maamul darteed, isticmaaleyaasha Wikipedia-ga Isbaanishka ayaa ka soocmay Wikipedia si ay u abuuraan Enciclopedia Libre Febraayo 2002.[33] Wales wuxuu markaa ku dhawaaqay in Wikipedia aysan soo bandhigi doonin xayeysiis oo uu beddelay domain-ka Wikipedia ee ahaa wikipedia.com kuna beddelay wikipedia.org.[34][35]

Ka dib xilli hore oo koritaan degdeg ah,[36] heerka koritaanka ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga marka loo eego tirada maqaallada cusub iyo tifaftirayaasha waxay u muuqataa inay gaartay heer sare agagaarka horraantii 2007.[37] Daabacaaddu waxay gaartay 3 milyan oo maqaal Ogosto 2009. Qiyaastii 1,800 maqaal ayaa maalin walba lagu daray encyclopedia 2006; sanadka 2013 celceliskaas wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii 800.[38] Koox ka tirsan Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Palo Alto waxay sabab uga dhigtay hoos u dhacan koritaanka "kordhinta isku-duwidda iyo kharashyada guud, ka saaridda kuwa cusub, iyo iska caabinta tifaftirka cusub".[36] Qaar kalena waxay soo jeediyeen in koritaanku uu si dabiici ah u fogaaday sababtoo ha maqaallada loogu yeeri karo "midho hooseeya" - mowduucyada si cad u mudan maqaal - horeyba waa la abuuray oo si ballaaran loo dhisay.[39][40][41]

Nofeembar 2009, cilmi-baare ka tirsan Jaamacadda Rey Juan Carlos ee Madrid, Spain, ayaa ogaaday in Wikipedia Soomaaliga uu waayay 49,000 oo tifaftire ah seddexdii bilood ee ugu horreysay 2009; marka la barbardhigo, waxay lumisay kaliya 4,900 oo tifaftire ah muddadaas oo kale sanadka 2008.[42][43] The Wall Street Journal ayaa xusay tirada xeerarka lagu dabaqo tafatirka iyo khilaafaadka la xiriira waxyaabahaas ka mid ah sababaha isbeddelkan.[44] Wales ayaa muran geliyay eedeymahan 2009, isagoo diiday hoos u dhaca oo su'aal gelinaya habraaca daraasadda.[45] Laba sano ka dib, 2011, wuxuu qirtay hoos u dhac yar, isagoo xusay hoos u dhac ka yimid "in yar oo ka badan 36,000 oo qoraayaal ah" Juun 2010 ilaa 35,800 Juun 2011. Wareysi la mid ah, wuxuu sidoo kale sheegay in tirada tifaftirayaashu ay ahayd "mid deggan oo waara".[46] Maqaal 2013 ah oo ka baxay MIT Technology Review, "The Decline of Wikipedia", ayaa su'aal geliyay sheegashadan, iyada oo warbixineysa in tan iyo 2007 Wikipedia ay lumisay seddex meelood meel ka mid ah tifaftirayaasheeda mutadawiciinta ah, waxayna soo jeedisay in kuwa soo haray ay si isa soo taraysa diiradda u saareen faahfaahin yar yar.[47] Luulyo 2012, The Atlantic ayaa ku warrantay in tirada maamulayaashu ay sidoo kale ku jirtay hoos u dhac.[48] Nofeembar 2013, joornaalka New York ayaa sheegay, "Wikipedia, oo ah mareegaha lixaad ee ugu isticmaalka badan, ayaa wajahaya dhibaato gudaha ah."[49] Tirada tifaftirayaasha firfircoon ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga ayaa tan iyo markaas ahayd mid deggan muddo dheer oo hoos u dhac ah ka dib.[50][51]

Janaayo 20, 2014, Subodh Varma oo u warramayay The Economic Times ayaa tilmaamay in koritaanka Wikipedia uusan kaliya istaagin, balse "uu lumiyay ku dhowaad boqolkiiba toban aragtida boggaggiisa sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Waxaa jiray hoos u dhac ku dhowaad 2 bilyan inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar 2012 iyo Diseembar 2013. Noocyadeeda ugu caansan ayaa horseedaya hoos u dhaca: aragtida bogga ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga ayaa hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba laba iyo toban, kuwa nooca Jarmalka ayaa hoos u dhacay 17 boqolkiiba isla markaana nooca Jabaanku uu lumiyay 9 boqolkiiba."[52] Varma wuxuu ku daray, "In kasta oo maamulayaasha Wikipedia ay u maleynayaan in tani ay sabab u noqon karto khaladaadka xisaabinta, khubaro kale ayaa qaba in mashruuca Google ee Knowledge Graphs ee la bilaabay sanadkii la soo dhaafay uu liqayo isticmaaleyaasha Wikipedia."[52] Marka la la xiriiray arrintaan, Clay Shirky, oo ah borofisar ku xigeen ka ah Jaamacadda New York isla markaana ah xubin ka tirsan Xarunta Berkman Klein ee Jaamacadda Harvard ee Internet & Society ayaa sheegay inuu uga shakisan yahay in inta badan hoos u dhaca aragtida bogga uu sabab u ahaa Knowledge Graphs, isagoo yiri, "Haddii aad ka heli karto jawaabta su'aashaada bogga raadinta, uma baahnid inaad gujiso wax kale."[52] Dhamaadkii Diseembar 2016, Wikipedia waxaa loo calaamadiyay mareegaha shanaad ee ugu caansan caalamka.[53] Laga soo bilaabo Janaayo 2023, 55,791 maqaallo Wikipedia ah ayaa lagu xusay 92,300 jeer joornaalada cilmi-baarista,[54] kuwaas oo xisaabinta daruuraha ay ahayd bogga ugu badan ee la soo xigtay.[55]

Mashaariicda la walaasha ah

Wikipedia waxay dhashay dhowr mashruuc oo walaalo ah, kuwaas oo iyaguna ah wiki ay maamusho Wikimedia Foundation. Kuwan kale ee Wikimedia projects waxaa ka mid ah Wiktionary, mashruuc qaamuus ah oo la bilaabay Diseembar 2002,[56] Wikiquote, ururinta oraahyo la abuuray todobaad ka dib markii Wikimedia la bilaabay,[57] Wikibooks, ururinta buugaag waxbarasho oo bilaash ah oo si wada jir ah loo qoray iyo qoraallo la faallooday,[58] Wikimedia Commons, goob u go'an multimedia aqoonta xorta ah,[59] Wikinews, oo loogu talagalay saxafada wada-shaqeynta ah[60] (taas oo dambe la xiray 2026[61]), iyo Wikiversity, mashruuc loogu talagalay abuurista qalab waxbarasho oo bilaash ah iyo bixinta hawlaha waxbarashada internetka.[62] Mashruuc kale oo walaal la ah Wikipedia, Wikispecies, waa diiwaanka dhammaan noocyada, laakiin looma furna in dadweynuhu wax ka beddelaan.[63] Sannadkii 2012, Wikivoyage, hagaha socdaalka ee wax laga beddeli karo,[64] iyo Wikidata, saldhig aqooneed oo wax laga beddeli karo, ayaa la bilaabay.[65]

Guulaha iyo Taariikhda

Cartogram muujinaya tirada maqaallada ee 88-ka Wikipedia ee ugu sarreeya (as of Maarso 2024 Baaxadda goobooyinka Wikipedia-yada leh in ka yar hal milyan oo maqaallo waa mid go'an oo aan dhakhso ahayn cabbirka Wikipedia. Wikipedia-ha ugu yar ee sameeyay goynta waa Wikipedia-ga Haitian Creole oo leh 69K maqaallo.[g]
Luqadaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa gobol ahaan:
  •       Northern Europe
  •       Southern Europe
  •       Eastern Europe
  •       Middle East
  •       East Asia
  •       Indian subcontinent
  •       Sub-Saharan Africa
  •       Central Asia
  •       Caribbean

Jannaayo 2007, Wikipedia waxay markii ugu horreeysay noqotay mid ka mid ah tobanka website ee ugu caansan ee Maraykanka, sida uu qabo Comscore Networks.[66] Iyadoo leh 42.9 milyan oo booqde oo gaar ah, waxaa loo calaamadiyay inuu yahay kan 9aad, isagoo ka sara maray The New York Times (No. 10) iyo Apple (No. 11).[66] Tani waxay ahayd koror weyn marka loo eego Jannaayo 2006, markii Wikipedia uu kaalinta 33aad galay, oo ay la socdeen ilaa 18.3 milyan oo booqde oo gaar ah.[67] Sannadkii 2014, wuxuu helayay 8 bilyan oo bog oo la eegay bishii kasta.[68] Febraayo 9, 2014, The New York Times ayaa werisay in Wikipedia uu lahaa 18 bilyan oo bog oo la eegay iyo ku dhowaad 500 milyan oo booqde oo gaar ah bishii, "sida uu qabo shirkadda qiimaynta ee comScore".[69] As of 2023, wuxuu ku jiray kaalinta lixaad ee caan ah, sida uu qabo Similarweb.[70] Jeff Loveland iyo Joseph Reagle waxay ku doodayaan in, habka, Wikipedia uu raacayo dhaqan dheer oo ah ensiklabeediyeyaal taariikhiga ah oo ururiyay horumarinta gabal gabal iyada oo loo marayo "stigmergic accumulation".[71][72]

Jannaayo 18, 2012, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ka qayb qaadatay ololeyaal isku dubaridan oo ka dhan ahaa laba sharci oo la soo jeediyay oo ku jiray United States Congress—the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) iyo PROTECT IP Act (PIPA)—iyada oo bogaggeeda u xirtay madow muddo 24 saacadood ah.[73] In ka badan 162 milyan oo qof ayaa eegay bogga sharaxaadda shaqo-joojinta ee ku meel gaarka ahayd ee beddeshay waxa ku jira.[74][75]

Jannaayo 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, oo ah asteroid, ayaa loogu magac daray Wikipedia;[76] Oktoobar 2014, Wikipedia waxaa lagu sharfay Wikipedia Monument;[77] iyo, Luulyo 2015, 106 ka mid ah 7,473 buugaagta 700-bog ee Wikipedia waxay noqdeen kuwo la heli karo sida Print Wikipedia.[78] Abriil 2019, lunar lander Israa'iili ah, Beresheet, ayaa ku dhacay dusha sare ee Dayaxa isagoo wata nuqul ka mid ah ku dhowaad dhammaan Wikipedia Soomaaliga oo lagu xardhay saxanno nikel dhuuban ah; khubaro waxay sheegayaan in saxannada ay u badan tahay inay ka badbaadeen shilka.[79][80] Juun 2019, saynisyahannadu waxay weriyeen in dhammaan 16 GB ee qoraalka maqaalka ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga lagu codeeyay DNA macmal ah.[81]

Jannaayo 18, 2023, Wikipedia waxay daahfurtay naqshad shabakad cusub oo la yiraahdo "Vector 2022".[82][83] Waxay muujisay menu bar dib loo habeeyay, iyada oo u guurinaysa table of contents dhinaca bidix sida sidebar, iyo isbeddello badan oo ku saabsan meelaha ay ku yaalliin badhamada sida qalabka xulashada luqadda.[83][84] Cusboonaysiintu waxay markii hore heshay falcelin xun, gaar ahaan markii tifaftirayaasha Swahili Wikipedia ay si wadajir ah u codeeyeen inay celiyaan isbeddellada.[82][85]

Labada Sanger iyo Wales waxay bixiyeen wareysiyo dadweyne dhammaadkii 2025 ku saabsan fikradahooda ku saabsan xaaladda iyo xaaladda Wikipedia, taas oo horseeday 25 sano oo ay shaqaynaysay Janaayo 15, 2026; Wales wuxuu ka muuqday barnaamijka wararka telefishanka PBS ee GZERO World oo uu wareystay Ian Bremmer[86] iyo Sanger wuxuu ka muuqday Fox News Channel, oo uu wareystay Ashley Rindsberg.[87] Buugga Wales The Seven Rules of Trust waxaa daabacay Oktoobar 2025 by Penguin Random House. Waxaa daabacuhu ku tilmaamay "muraayad ballaaran oo ku saabsan dhibaatada caalamiga ah ee kalsoonida iyo aqoonta" iyadoo buuggu baarayo "xeerarka kalsoonida" ee sahlaya koritaanka iyo guusha Wikipedia.[88]

Saamaynta AI-da soo saarta ee aragtida Wikipedia

Tan iyo Jannaayo 2024, Wikimedia Foundation waxay soo sheegtay koror qiyaastii boqolkiiba 50 ah oo ku yimid isticmaalka bandwidth ee ka yimid soo dejinta nuxurka multimedia ee mashaariicdeeda. Sida uu qabo aasaaska, kororkan waxaa inta badan sabab u ah barnaamijyada otomaatiga ah, ama "scraper" bots, oo ururiya xaddi badan oo xog ah oo laga helay goobaha Wikimedia si loogu isticmaalo tababarka moodooyinka luqadda waaweyn iyo codsiyada la xiriira.[89]

Oktoobar 2025, Wikimedia Foundation waxay soo sheegtay hoos u dhac lagu qiyaasay 8 boqolkiiba oo ku yimid taraafikada marka la barbar hodigo isla bishii 2024 ee aragtida dadka. Waxay ku fikireen inay muujinayso isticmaalka sii kordhaya ee generative AI iyo baraha bulshada si loo helo macluumaad.[90][91]

Tafatireynta wada-jirka ah

Farqiga u dhexeeya noocyada maqaalka ayaa la muujiyay.

Xiyaadaha

Caanbaxda sii kordheysa ee Wikipedia dartiis, inta badan daabacaadaha, haro-gelinta nooca Soomaaliga, waxay soo bandhigeen xiyaado dhanka tafatireynta ah oo loogu talagalay xaaladaha qaar. Tusaale ahaan, Wikipedia Soomaaliga iyo daabacaadaha luqadaha kale oo badan, oo keliya dadka adeegsada ee leh 10 tafatireyn oo akoonkoodu uu yahay afar maalmood oo ka badan ayaa abuuri kara maqaal cusub.[92] Wikipedia Soomaaliga dhexdeeda, iyo kuwa kale, maqaallada muranka badan ka dhasho, kuwo degan, ama kuwa u nugul burburinta waxaa loo xiyaday heerar kala duwan.[93] Maqaal si joogto ah loo burburiyo waxaa loo ka insecure-gareyn karaa "semi-protected" ama taas oo ka dhigan in oo keliya tafatirayaasha "autoconfirmed" ama ay beddeli karaan.[94] Maqaal si gaar ah muran badan uga jiro waxaa loo xixi karaa si oo keliya maamulayaasha ay isbeddel u sameeyaan.[95] Maqaal 2021 lagu daabacay Columbia Journalism Review ayaa ku dhiibatay nidaamka ilaalinta bogga ee Wikipedia inuu yahay "magaal ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan" ee gacanta ku jira si "loo maamulo suuqa fikradaha".[96] Wikipedia waxay u igmatay hawlo ka mid ah bots. Maamulista noocaas ah waxay leedahay fududayn dhanka fulinta iyo meel-gaarsiinta ah, inkastoo diidmada otomaatigga ah ee tafatireynta ay sababi karto hoos u dhac ku yimaada tafatirayaasha hoose ee Wikipedia.[97] Bots waa in ay meel-mariyaan bulshadu ka hor inta aan hawlahooda la fulin.[98]

Xaaladaha qaar, dhammaan tafatirayaasha waxaa loo oggol yahay inay soo gudbiyaan isbeddellada, laakiin dib-u-eegis ayaa looga baahan yahay tafatirayaasha qaar, iyadoo ku xiran shuruudo dhowr ah. Tusaale ahaan, German Wikipedia waxay haysataa "noocyo la dhowray" oo maqaallada ah kuwaas oo ka soo gudbay dib-u-eegis dhowr ah.[99] Ka dib tijaabooyin muddada dheer socday iyo wada-hadallo bulshada dhexdeeda ah, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay soo bandhigtay nidaamka "pending changes" bishii Diseembar 2012.[100] Nidaamkan hoos kiisa, tafatireynta dadka cusub iyo kuwa aan diiwaangashanayn ee maqaallada muranka badan ama kuwa u nugul burburinta waxaa dib-u-eegis ku samaynaya tafatirayaasha meel-maray ka hor inta aan la daabacin.[101] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiyaadaha dhanka tafatireynta waxay dhimayaan ka qayb-galka tafatiraha iyo sidoo kale dadaallada lagu kala duwanaynayo bulshada tafatireysa.[102]

Maqaallada ku saabsan khilaafka Israa'iil iyo Falastiin waxaa la dhigaa ilaalinta ilaa heerka extended-confirmed.[103] Tafatirayaasha sidoo kale waxay sameyn karaan hal celin oo keliya maalintii dhammaan deegaannada oo dhan waana laga joojin karaa tafatireynta maqaallada la xiriira. Xiyaadahani waxaa soo bandhigay 2008.[104] Jannaayo 2025, Arbitration Committee waxay soo bandhigtay "balanced editing restriction", taas oo ka dalbanaysa dadka xiyaadaha la saaray inay u ku bixiyaan oo keliya meel ka mid ah saddex meelood oo ka mid ah tafatireyntooda maqaallada la xiriira khilaafka Israa'iil iyo Falastiin xataa marka aan shuruucda anshaxa la jabin.[105][106]

Dib-u-eegista isbeddellada

Beddelka tafatireynta ee Wikipedia

Inkasta oo isbeddellada aan si nidaamsan dib-u-eegis loogu sameyn, sofweerka Wikipedia wuxuu bixiyaa qalab u oggolaanaya qof kasta inuu dib-u-eegis ku sameeyo isbeddellada ay sameeyeen kuwa kale. Taariikhda maqaal kasta waxay ku xiriirtaa nooc kasta oo hore.[h][107] Maqaallada intooda badan, qof kasta wuxuu eegi karaa isbeddelladii ugu dambeeyay wuxuuna ka celin karaa noocyadii dadka kale isagoo riixaya linkiyada ku jira bogga taariikhda ee maqaalka. Dadka diiwaangashan waxay haysan karaan "watchlist" oo ah maqaallada ay xiseeyaan si loogu soo diro ogeysiis ku saabsan isbeddellada. Waxaa jira kormeerro kala duwan oo ka jira Wikipedia, haro-gelinta "New pages patrol" oo ah kormeer lagu kormeero maqaallada cusub ee la abuuray si looga baxo dhibaatooyinka waaweyn.

Sannadkii 2003, arday PhD ku takhasusay dhaqaalaha oo la odhan jiray Andrea Ciffolilli ayaa ku dooday in kharashka yar ee ka qayb-galka wiki uu abuuray dhiirigelin kusaabsan horumarinta wada-jirka ah, iyo in sifooyinka sida oggolaanshaha fudud ee loo helo noocyadii hore ee bogga ay ka bixiyeen "dhismaha abuurista" halkii ka ahaayeen "burburinta abuurista".[108]

Burburinta

Isbeddel kasta oo si kas ah u dhibaateeya daacadnimada Wikipedia waxaa loo arkaa burburin. Noocyada ugu badan ee ugu cad ee burburinta waxaa ka mid ah ku daridda aflagaadada iyo qosolka daciifka ah, laakiin waxaa kale oo ku jiri kara xayeysiis iyo noocyada kale ee spam-ka.[109] Mararka qaarkood tafatirayaashu waxay galaan burburin iyagoo tirtiraya nuxurka ama tirtiraya bogga la bixiyay gabi ahaanba. Noocyada burburinta ee aadka u yar, sida ku daridda ula kac ah ee macluumaad been abuur ah oo la rumaysan karo, waxay noqon karaan kuwo adag in la ogaado. Burcaddu waxay soo gelin karaan qaabeyn aan quseyn, beddeli karaan semantikooyinka bogga sida cinwaanka bogga ama qaybinta, faragelin karaan koodka hoose ee maqaalka, ama isticmaali karaan sawirro si khalkhal leh.[110]

White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.
Suxufiga Maraykanka John Seigenthaler (1927–2014), mawduuca Seigenthaler biography incident

Burburinta cad waxaa badanaa sahlan in laga saaro maqaallada Wikipedia; waqtiga dhexe ee lagu ogaado oo lagu hagaajiyo waa dhowr daqiiqo.[111][112] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, burburinta qaar waxay qaadataa waqti dheer in la ogaado oo la hagaajiyo.[113]

Dhacdadii taariikh nololeedka Seigenthaler, tafatire aan la aqoon ayaa geliyay macluumaad beenta ah taariikh nololeedka siyaasiga Maraykanka John Seigenthaler May 2005, isagoo si been abuur ah ugu tilmaamay inuu yahay tuhmane dilkii John F. Kennedy.[113] Waxaa la ilaaliyay iyada oo aan la sixin muddo afar bilood ah.[113] Seigenthaler, agaasimaha tifaftirka aasaasaha ee USA Today iyo aasaasaha Xarunta Xorriyadda Hadalka ee Freedom Forum ee Vanderbilt University, ayaa wacay aasaasaha Wikipedia Jimmy Wales wuxuuna waydiiyay inuu haysto waddo uu ku ogaan karo cidda ku tabarucday macluumaadka khaldan. Wales wuxuu sheegay in uusan haysan, inkastoo dembiilaha la helay dambe.[114][115] Dhacdada ka dib, Seigenthaler wuxuu ku tilmaamay Wikipedia "qalab cilmi baaris oo cilladaysan oo aan mas'uul ahayn".[113] Dhacdadu waxay horseeday isbeddello siyaasadeed oo ka dhacay Wikipedia si loo adkeeyo xaqiijinta maqaallada taariikh nololeedka ee dadka nool.[116]

Khilaafaadka iyo dagaalka tafatireynta

Tafatirayaasha Wikipedia waxay inta badan isku khilaafaan nuxurka, kuwaas oo lagaga wada hadli karo bogagga Wadahadalka ee maqaalka. Khilaafaadku waxay keeni karaan isbeddelno iska soo horjeeda oo is xigxiga oo ku saabsan maqaal, oo loo yaqaan "edit warring".[117][118] Waxaa si ballaaran loo arkaa xaalad khayraadka cunta oo aan aqoon wax ku ool ah lagu darin,[119] waxaana loo dhaleeceeyay inay abuurayso dhaqan tafatireed oo tartame ah[120] iyo ku salaysan khilaaf oo la xiriira doorarka jinsiga ragga ee dhaqanka ah.[121][122] Cilmi-baaristu waxay diiradda saartay, tusaale ahaan, ixtiraam la'aanta khilaafaadka,[123][124] saamaynta xeryaha tafatirka ee tartamaya,[125][126] qaab-dhismeedka wadahadalka,[127] iyo isbeddelka khilaafaadka ee diiradda saaraya ilaha.[128][129]

Taha Yasseri oo ka tirsan University of Oxford ayaa baaray khilaafaadka tafatirka iyo xallintooda darteed daraasad la sameeyay 2013.[130][131] Yasseri wuxuu ku dooday in celinta fudud ama hawlaha "undo" aysan ahayn cabbirka ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqanka shaqada ee waxyeelada leh ee ka jira Wikipedia. Wuxuu halkaas ku tiirsanaaday "mutually reverting edit pairs", halkaas oo hal tafatire uu celiyo tafatirka tafatire kale oo markaas, isagoo is xigxiga, soo noqda si uu u celiyo tafatiraha ugu horreeya. Natiijooyinka waxaa loo tabeeyay noocyada luqadaha dhowr ah ee Wikipedia. Seddexda heer ee khilaafka ugu weyn Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ahaayeen maqaallada George W. Bush, anarchism, iyo Muhammad.[131] Marka la barbar dhigo, Jarmalka Wikipedia, saddexda heer ee khilaafka ugu weyn xilligii daraasadda waxay ahaayeen maqaallada daboolaya Croatia, Scientology, iyo aragtida shirqoolka 9/11.[131] Sannadkii 2020, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay aqoonsadeen cabbirro kale oo ah dhaqamada tafatiraha, marka laga reebo celinta labada dhinac, si loo aqoonsado khilaafaadka tafatirka ee ka jira Wikipedia.[129]

Tafatirayaashu sidoo kale waxay kala dooda tirtiridda maqaallada Wikipedia, iyadoo ay jiraan ku dhowaad 500,000 oo doodow oo sidan oo kale ah ilaa aasaaskii Wikipedia ilaa 2019. Marka maqaal loo sharraxo tirtirid, khilaafka waxaa badanaa lagu go'aamiyaa codaynta bilowga ah (ee lagu haynayo aŭ lagu tirtirayo) iyo iyadoo tixraac loo samaynayo siyaasadaha la xiriira mowduuca ee gaarka ah.[132]

Siyaasadaha iyo Nuxurka

External videos
photograph
video icon Jimmy Wales, The Birth of Wikipedia, 2006, TED talks, 20 minutes
video icon Katherine Maher, What Wikipedia Teaches Us About Balancing Truth and Beliefs, 2022, TED talks, 15 minutes

Wikipedia waxay ka kooban tahay 11 magac-meelood oo kala duwan,[cusbooneysiin ayaa loo baahan yahay] iyadoo maqaalladeedu ay ku sugan yihiin mainspace. Magac-meelaha kale waxay leeyihiin horgale ka hor cinwaankooda bogga waxayna gutaan ujeeddooyin kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, magac-meesha mashruucu waxay isticmaashaa horgalaha Wikipedia waxaana loo isticmaalaa wadahadallada la xiriira is-maamulka. Akhrisayaasha badankood ma ogola magac-meelahan kale.[133]

Mabaadi'da aas-aasiga ah ee bulshada Wikipedia waxaa laga helaa "Shanta Tiir", halka mabaadi'da tafatirka ee faahfaahsan lagu muujiyay siyaasado iyo tilmaamo tiro badan oo loogu talagalay in si habboon loo qaabeeyo nuxurka.[134] Shanta tiir waxay kala yihiin:

  • Wikipedia waa ensiklabeediyo
  • Wikipedia waxaa laga qoraa aragti dhexdhexaad ah
  • Wikipedia waa nuxur bilaash ah oo qof kasta uu isticmaali karo, wax ka beddeli karo, oo u qaybin karo
  • Tafatirayaasha Wikipedia waa inay si wanaagsan oo xushmad leh ula dhaqmaan midba midka kale
  • Wikipedia ma laha sharciyo adag

Sharciyada ay dhistay bulshada waxaa lagu kaydiyaa magac-meesha Wikipedia, tafatirayaasha Wikipedia-na waxay qoraan oo dib u eegaan siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha shabakadda iyadoo la waafajinayo isku-afgaradka bulshada.[135] Asal ahaan, sharciyada ku saabsan noocyada aan Soomaaliga ahayn ee Wikipedia waxay ku saleysan yihiin turjumaadda sharciyada Wikipedia Soomaaliga. Tan iyo markaas way kala tageen ilaa xad.[99]

Siyaasadaha nuxurka iyo tilmaamaha

Sida uu qabo sharciga bulshada Wikipedia Soomaaliga, gelitaan kasta oo Wikipedia ku jira waa inuu ku saabsan yahay mowduuc ah ensiklabeediyo oo aan ahayn gelitaan qaamuus ama qaab qaamuus ah.[136] Mowduucu sidoo kale waa inuu buuxiyo heerarka "caannimada" ee Wikipedia, taas oo badanaa la macne ah in mowduuucu si ballaaran looga hadlay ilo lagu kalsoon yahay oo madaxbannaan mowduuca maqaalka.[137] Wikipedia waxay rabtaa inay gudbiso kaliya aqoonta horay u jirtay oo la aqoonsaday sidaas darteed waa inaysan soo bandhigin cilmi-baaris asal ah.[138] Mowduucyada qaar, sida siyaasiyiinta iyo aqoonyahannada, waxay leeyihiin shuruudo caannimo oo gaar ah.[137] Ugu dambeyn, Wikipedia waa inaysan ka muuqan aragti dhexdhexaad ah. Tani waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la soo koobayo ilaha lagu kalsoon yahay, la adeegsanayo luqad aan eex lahayn, iyo hubinta in aragtiyo badan la soo bandhigo iyadoo lagu saleynayo muhiimadooda. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waa in la xaqiijin karaa.[139] Macluumaadka aan lahayn tixraacyo waxaa loo calaamadayn karaa ama laga saari karaa gebi ahaanba.[140] Tani mararka qaarkood waxay horseedi kartaa in meesha laga saaro macluumaad sax ah, inkasta oo ay sax tahay, haddana si habboon loo soo xigan.[141] Markii siyaasadaha Wikipedia ay is beddeleen waqti ka dib, oo ay noqdeen kuwo aad u adag, tiradoodu waa ay korodhay. Sannadkii 2008, waxaa jiray 44 bog oo siyaasadeed iyo 248 bog oo tilmaame ah; illaa 2013, culimadu waxay tiriyeen 383 bog oo siyaasadeed iyo 449 bog oo tilmaame ah.[97]

Maamulka

Anshax-xumadii hore ee Wikipedia waxay ku dartay dimuqraadiyad iyo cunsurro darajeyn ah waqti ka dib.[142][143] Maqaalka looma tixgeliyo inuu leebahay abuuraha ama tafatire kale, mana laha qofka maqaalku ku saabsan yahay.[144] Tafatirayaasha ku jira xaalad wanaagsan ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxay codsan karaan xuquuqaha isticmaale ee dheeraadka ah, iyaga oo siinaya awoodda farsamo ee ay ku fulinayaan falal gaar ah oo la cayimay. Xuquuqaha isticmaale ee qaar waxaa lagu bixiyaa si otomaatig ah, sida kooxaha autoconfirmed marka heerarka da'da akoonka iyo tafatirka la buuxiyo.[94]

Maamulayaasha

Tafatirayaasha khibradda leh waxay dooran karaan inay u tartamaan maamulnimo,[145] taas oo ay ku jirto awoodda ay u tirtirayaan bogagga ama ay uga hortagayaan in la beddelo haddii ay dhacaan burburin daran ama khilaafaad tafatireed.[146] Maamulayaasha looma arko inay ku raaxaystaan ​​wax mudnaan ah oo gaar ah go'aan-qaadashada; halkaas waxaa ah, awooddoodu waxay inta badan ku kooban tahay samaynta isbeddellada saamaynta mashruuca oo dhan leh sidaas darteedna aan loo oggolayn tafatirayaasha caadiga ah, iyo in la fuliyo xiyaadaha loogu talagalay in looga hortago tafatirayaasha khalkhalinaya inay sameeyaan tafatir aan faa'iido lahayn.[146]

Ilaa 2012, tafatirayaal yar ayaa noqonayay maamulayaageeda marka la barbar dhigo sannadihii hore ee Wikipedia, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah habka baaritaanka maamulayaasha suurtagalka ah uu noqday mid adag.[48] Sannadkii 2022, waxaa jirtay codsi si gaar ah muran u dhaliyay oo ku saabsan maamulnimo kaas oo ku saabsanaa aragtiyaha ka dhanka ah Trump ee murashaxa; ugu dambeyntii, waxaa la siiyay maamulnimo.[147]

Xallinta khilaafaadka

"!vote" halkaan ayaa loo soo toosiyay. For the entry in Wikipedia's internal glossary, see Wikipedia:Glossary § !vote. For the internal essay, see Wikipedia:Polling is not a substitute for discussion.

Waqti ka dib, Wikipedia waxay horumarisay nidaam yar oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay xallinta khilaafaadka. Si loo go'aamiyo isku-afgaradka bulshada, tafatirayaashu waxay arrimaha ka alifi karaan fagaarayaasha bulshada ee habboon, iyagoo raadinaya fikirka u gaarka ah dhinac saddexaad codsiyada ku saabsan, ama waxay bilaabi karaan wadahadal bulsho oo guud oo loo yaqaan "request for comment",[117] halkaas oo bots-ku ay ku darayaan wadahadalka lisi dhexe ee wadahadallada, iyagoo ku weydiinaya tafatirayaasha inay ka qayb qaataan, ka dibna ka saaraya wadahadalka lisi-ga 30 maalmood ka dib.[148] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tafatirayaashu waxay leeyihiin awoodda ay ku xiraaan (oo ay ka saaraan lisi-ga) wadahadalka xilli hore ama xilli dambe. Haddii natiijada wadahadalku aysan ahayn mid cad, qof xira—oo ah tafatire aan qayb ka ahayn oo badanaa ku jira xaalad wanaagsan—ayaa laga yaabaa inuu soo saaro go'aan ku baxa awoodda doodaha lagu soo bandhigay ka dibna tirada dadka doodaya ee dhinac kasta.[149] Wikipedians waxay ku adkeeyaan in nidaamku uusan ahayn codayn iyagoo tixraacaya bayaannada aragtida ee wadahadalladaas sida "!vote"s, halkaas oo calaamadda qaylada ay tahay calaamadda diidmada caqli-gal ka ah oo loo dhaho "not".[150]

Wikipedia waxay ku dhiirrigelisaa xallinta deegaanka ee khilaafaadka, kuwaas oo Jemielniak uu ku dooday inuu yahay mid si gaar ah u gaar ah daraasaadka ururrada, inkastoo ay jirtay xoogaa xiso dhowaan ah oo ku saabsan dhisidda isku afgaradka ee sahanka dhexdiisa.[151] Reagle iyo Sue Gardner waxay ku doodeen in hababka dhisidda isku-afgaradka ay u dhow yihiin kuwa ay isticmaalaan Quakers.[151](p62) Farqiga ka mid ah kulammada Quaker waa inaysan jirin facilitator inta lagu jiro isku-dhaafsiga aragtida, door uu ka qaato karraaniga kulammada Quaker.[151](p83)

Guddiga Garsoorka

Guddiga Garsoorku wuxuu guddoomiyaa nidaamka ugu dambeeya ee xallinta khilaafaadka. Inkastoo khilaafaadku badanaa ka dhashaan isku dhaafsiga laba aragti oo iska soo horjeeda oo ku saabsan sida maqaal loo akhrin lahaa, Guddiga Garsoorku wuxuu si cad u diidaa inuu si toos ah u go'aamiyo aragtida gaarka ah ee waa in la qaataa.[152]

Cilmi-baaris tiro ah waxay soo jeedinaysaa in guddiga Wikipedia Soomaaliga uu ka tagayo nuxurka khilaafaadka wuxuuna diiradda saaraa sida khilaafaadka loo maamulo,[153] isagoo isomeric ah oo aan u shaqaynayn si uu u xalliyo khilaafaadka oo uu nabad ugu dhex dhigo tafatirayaasha isku khilaafsan, laakiin si uu ka saaro tafatirayaasha dhibaatada ka dhex wada iyadoo loo oggolaynayo tafatirayaasha waxtarka leh inay dib u soo galaan si ay ka qayb qaataan.[152] Sidaas darteed, guddigu ma amro nuxurka maqaallada, inkastoo uu mararka qaarkood cambaareeyo isbeddellada nuxurka marka uu u arko in nuxurka cusubi uu jabinayo siyaasadaha Wikipedia (tusaale ahaan, haddii nuxurka cusub loo arko inuu yahay mid eex leh).[i] Xallinta inta badan la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah digniinaha iyo tijaabooyinka (lagu isticmaalo 63% xaaladaha) iyo ka banaynaya tafatirayaasha maqaallada (43%), mowduucyada (23%), ama Wikipedia (16%).[152] Banaynta dhameystiran ee Wikipedia waxay badanaa ku kooban tahay xaaladaha iska dhigista iyo dhaqanka ka dhan ah bulshada.[154] Marka dhaqanku uusan ahayn iska dhigis ama dhaqan ka dhan ah bulshada, laakiin uu yahay dagaal tafatireed iyo jebinta kale ee siyaasadaha tafatirka, xallintu waxay u badatay in lagu koobo digniino.[152]

Bulshada

Muqaalka Wikimania 2005  – shir sannadle ah oo loogu talagalay dadka isticmaala Wikipedia iyo mashaariicda kale ee ay maamusho Wikimedia Foundation, ayaa lagu qhelday Frankfurt am Main, Jarmalka, Ogost 4–8.

Maqaal kasta iyo adeegsade kasta oo Wikipedia ku jira wuxuu leeyahay bog "wadahadal" oo la xiriira oo u dedicated ah. Kuwani waxay samaynayaan jidka koowaad ee isgaarsiinta ee tafatirayaasha si ay uga wadahadlaan, u isku dubaridaan, oo ay u doodaan.[155] Bulshada Wikipedia waxaa loo tilmaamay inay u dhow tahay koox caabudaad ah,[156] inkastoo aysan mar walba lahayn macno dhan kasta oo xun.[157] Doorbidida ay u leedahay isku-duubnida, xataa haddii ay u baahan tahay tanaasul oo ay ku jiraan in aan loo eegin shahaadooyinka, waxaa loo tilmaamay inay tahay "anti-elitism".[158]

Wikipedians iyo curiyeyaasha British Museum oo ka wada shaqaynaya maqaalka Hoxne Hoard bishii Juun 2010.

Wikipedia ma u baahna in tafatirayaasheeda iyo kuwa ku tabarucaa ay bixiyaan aqoonsi.[159] Markii Wikipedia ay korotay, "Cidna baa qorta Wikipedia?" waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah su'aalaha inta badan halkaas lagu weydiiyo.[160] Jimmy Wales wuxuu mar ku dooday in oo kaliya "bulsho... koox u go'an oo dhowr boqol oo mutadawiciin ah" ay sameeyaan qaybta ugu weyn ee tabarucaadka Wikipedia iyo in mashruucu sidaas darteed uu yahay "sida urur kasta oo dhaqan ah".[161] Maadaama Wikipedia ay ku tiirsan tahay shaqada mutadawiciinta, tafatirayaashu waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan mowduucyada iyaga danaynaya.[162]

Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay leedahay 14,168 maqaallada, 47,759 tafatirayaasha diiwaangashan, iyo 94 tafatirayaasha firfircoon. Tafatire waxaa loo arkaa inuu firfircoon yahay haddii uu sameeyay hal ama ka badan oo tafatireyn ah 30-kii maalmood ee la soo dhaafay.[163] Tafatirayaasha amarka u weoleeya caadooyinka dhaqanka Wikipedia, sida saxiixida faallooyinka bogga wadahadalka, waxay si dadban u muujin karaan inay yihiin dad ka baxsan Wikipedia, iyagoo kordhinaya fursadaha ay dadka gudaha Wikipedia ku bartean karaan ama ku hoos u dhigi karaan tabarucaadkooda. Noqoshada mid ka mid ah dadka gudaha Wikipedia waxay leedahay kharashyo waaweyn: ka qaybqaataha waxaa laga filayaa inuu barto koodhadhka teknoolajiyada u gaarka ah Wikipedia, uu u hogaansamo nidaamka xallinta khilaafaadka oo mararka qaarkood adag, oo uu barto "dhaqan jahwareer leh oo hodan ku ah kaftanka gudaha iyo tixraacyada dadka gudaha".[164] Tafatirayaasha aan gelin akoonkooda waxay ka yihiin mid ka mid ah macnayaasha "muwaadiniinta heerka labaad" ee Wikipedia,[164] maadaama "ka qaybgalayaasha ay aqoonsadaan xubnaha bulshada wiki, kuwaas oo leh dan u gaar ah oo ku saabsan ilaalinta tayada waxsoosaarka shaqada, iyagoo ku salaynaya ka qaybqaatkooda joogtada ah",[165] laakiin taariikhaha tabarucaadka ee tafatirayaasha aan la aqoon ee aan diiwaangashanayn oo kaliya lagu aqoonsado ciwaannadooda IP-ga looma tiirin karo tafatire gaar ah si intaa ka badan leh. Tafatirayaasha cusubi waxay inta badan ku dhibtoodaan inay fahmaan adkaanta Wikipedia. Tafatirayaasha khibradda leh waxaa lagu dhiirrigeliyaa inaysan "qanin" dadka cusub si loo abuuro jawi soo dhoweyn leh.[166]

Cilmi-baaris

Daraasad 2007 ah oo ay sameeyeen cilmi-baarayaal ka tirsan Dartmouth College ayaa ka heshay in "dadka aan la aqoon iyo kuwa dhif ah ee ku tabaruca Wikipedia... ay yihiin il aqooneed oo lagu kalsoonaan karo sida kuwa tabarucayaasha ah ee diiwaangashan shabakadda".[167] Jimmy Wales wuxuu yiri 2009 in "[I]t turns out over 50% of all the edits are done by just 0.7% of the users... 524 people... And in fact, the most active 2%, which is 1400 people, have done 73.4% of all the edits."[161] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tifaftiraha Business Insider iyo suxufi Henry Blodget ayaa muujiyay 2009 in muunad aan la dooran oo maqaallada ah, nuxurka inta badan ee Wikipedia (oo lagu cabbiro tirada qoraalka ku tabarucay ee ka badbaaday tafatirkii ugu dambeeyay ee muunadda) waxaa abuuray "dadka ka baxsan", halka tafatireynta iyo qaabeynta inta badan ay sameeyeen "dadka gudaha".[161]

Sannadkii 2008, maqaal magasiinka Slate lagu daabacay ayaa weriyay in "hal boqolkiiba dadka isticmaala Wikipedia ay mas'uul ka yihiin qiyaastii helf ka mid ah tafatireynta shabakadda."[168] Habkan lagu tathireeyo tabarucaadka waxaa dambe ku murmay Aaron Swartz, oo xusay in dhowr maqaal oo uu muunad ka qaatay ay lahaayeen qaybo waaweyn oo nuxurkooda ah (oo lagu cabbiro tirada xarfaha) oo ay ku tabaruceen dadka leh tirada tafatirka ee hooseysa.[169] Daraasad 2008 ah ayaa ka heshay in Wikipedians ay ahaayeen kuwo yar oo heshiis ah, furan, oo damshiir leh marka loo eego kuwa kale,[170] inkastoo faallo dambe ay muujisay cillado waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan in xogtu ay muujisay furfurnaan sare iyo in farqiga u dhexeeya kooxda kantaroolka iyo muunaduhu uu ahaa mid yar.[171] Sida ay sheegtay daraasad 2009 ah, waxaa jira "marag ka mid ah iska-caabinta sii kordheysa ee ka timaada bulshada Wikipedia ee ku saabsan nuxurka cusub".[172]

Kala duwanaanshaha

Dhowr daraasadood ayaa muujiyay in inta badan mutadawiciinta ku tabaruca Wikipedia ay yihiin rag. Natiijooyinka sahankii Wikimedia Foundation ee 2008 ayaa muujiyay in oo kaliya 13 boqolkiiba tafatirayaasha Wikipedia ay ahaayeen dumar.[173] Tani dhiaddeed, jaamacadaha inta badan Maraykanka waxay isku dayeen inay ku dhiirrigeliyaan dumarka inay noqdaan kuwo ku tabaruca Wikipedia.[174] Sidoo kale, inta badan jaamacadahan, oo ay ku jiraan Yale iyo Brown, waxay siiyeen dhibco kulliyadeed ardayda abuura ama tafatira maqaal la xiriira dumarka sayniska ama teknoolajiyada.[174] Andrew Lih, oo ah borofesoor iyo saynisyahan, wuxuu yiri sababta uu u moodayay in tirada ragga ku tabaruca ay aad uga badan tahay tirada dumarka waxay ahayd sababtoo ah u aqoonsiga mulkiile ahaan haweenay waxay u soo bandhigi kartaa qofka "dhaqan fool un oo cabsida leh".[175] Xogtu waxay muujisay in dadka Afrikaanka ah ay yihiin kuwo si yar loo ku muujiyay tafatirayaasha Wikipedia dhexdeeda.[176]

Noocyada Luuqadaha

Qaybinta 68,752,322 maqaallada ee noocyada luqadaha kala duwan (laga bilaabo Nofeembar 12, 2026)[177]

  [[ Wikipedia|]] (10.6%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (3.8%)
  Cebuano (8.9%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (4.6%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (3.2%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (4.1%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (3.1%)
  Waray-Waray (1.8%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (2.9%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (3.1%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (2.5%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (1.9%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (2.2%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (1.7%)
  [[ Wikipedia|]] (2.3%)
  Other (43.3%)

Waxaa hadda jira 348 nooc oo luqadood ah oo Wikipedia ah (sidoo kale loogu yeero noocyada luqadaha, ama si fudud Wikipedias). Sida uu yahay Nofeembar 2026, lixda ugu waaweyn, iyadoo la kala horreeyo tirada maqaallada, waa [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], Cebuano, [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], iyo [[ Wikipedia|]] Wikipedias.[178] Wikipedia-ga saddexaad iyo kan labaad ee ugu waaweyn waxay ku leeyihiin boosaskooda bot-ka abuuraya maqaallada ee Lsjbot, kaas oo as of 2013 abuuray qiyaastii kala bar maqaallada ku jira Swedish Wikipedia, iyo inta badan maqaallada ku jira Cebuano iyo Waray Wikipedia. Labada dambe waa labada luqadood ee dalka Philippines.

Marka laga reebo lixda ugu sarreeya, laba iyo toban nooc oo kale oo Wikipedia ah ayaa leh in ka badan hal milyan oo maqaallo midkiiba ([[ Wikipedia|]], Waray-Waray, [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], iyo [[ Wikipedia|]]), todobo kale waxay leeyihiin in ka badan 500,000 oo maqaallo ([[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], [[ Wikipedia|]], iyo Romanian), 44 kale waxay leeyihiin in ka badan 100,000, iyo 82 kale waxay leeyihiin in ka badan 10,000.[179][178] Ka ugu weyn, Wikipedia Soomaaliga, waxay leedahay in ka badan 14168  kun oo maqaallo. As of Janaayo 2021 Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay heshaa 48% taraafikada guud ee Wikipedia, iyadoo inta kalena ay u qaybsantaan luqadaha kale. Tobanka nooc ee ugu sarreeya waxay ka dhigan yihiin qiyaastii 85% taraafikada guud.[180]

Maqaallada 20-ka qaybood ee Wikipedia ee luqadaha ugu waaweyn
(sida ay yihiin 12 Nofeembar 2026)[181]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

[[ Wikipedia|]] 7,263,043
[[ Wikipedia|]] 2,630,211
Cebuano 6,116,339
[[ Wikipedia|]] 3,165,471
[[ Wikipedia|]] 2,231,633
[[ Wikipedia|]] 2,789,353
[[ Wikipedia|]] 2,128,683
Waray-Waray 1,267,063
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,995,198
[[ Wikipedia|]] 2,149,342
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,714,339
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,305,919
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,527,341
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,188,559
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,565,596
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,441,312
[[ Wikipedia|]] 807,892
[[ Wikipedia|]] 1,103,188
[[ Wikipedia|]] 694,804
[[ Wikipedia|]] 462,009

Maadaama Wikipedia ay ku saleysan tahay Shabakadda sidaas darteedna ay tahay mid caalami ah, dadka ku tabaruca nooca isla luqadda ah waxay isticmaali karaan lahjado kala duwan ama waxay ka iman karaan dalal kala duwan (sida kiiska nooca Soomaaliga).[182] Kala duwanaanshahani waxay keeni karaan xoogaa khilaafaad ah oo ku saabsan farqiga hingaadda ama dhibcaha aragtida.[183]

In kasta oo noocyada luqadaha kala duwan lala xiriiriyo siyaasadaha caalamiga ah sida "aragti dhexdhexaad ah", waxay ku kala duwan yihiin qaar ka mid ah dhibcaha siyaasadda iyo ku-dhaqanka, inta badan kuwa ugu caansan waa in sawirrada aan ahayn laga haysto rukhsad xor ah la isticmaali karo iyadoo la daliishanayo sheegashada fair use.[184][185] Nuxurka maqaallada ee ku saabsan mawduuca isla midka ah wuxuu si weyn ugu kala duwanaan karaa luqadaha u dhexeeya, iyadoo ku xiran ilaha ay isticmaalaan tafatirayaasha iyo arrimo kale.[186][187]

Jimmy Wales wuxuu ku tilmaamay Wikipedia "dadaal lagu abuurayo oo lagu qaybinayo ensiklabeediyo xor ah oo tayo sare leh oo suurtagal ah qof kasta oo meeraha jooga oo ku qoran luqadooda".[188] In kasta oo nooc kasta oo luqad ah uu u shaqeeyo si madaxbannaan, dadaallo qaar ayaa la sameeyaa si loo kormeero dhammaantood. Waxaa qayb ahaan isku dubarida Meta-Wiki, oo ah wiki-ga Wikimedia Foundation ee loogu talagalay ilaalinta dhammaan mashaariicdeeda (Wikipedia iyo kuwo kale).[189] Tusaale ahaan, Meta-Wiki waxay bixisaa tiroakoobyo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan noocyada luqadaha ee Wikipedia,[190] waxayna ilaalisaa liiska maqaallada Wikipedia kasta ay tahay inay yeelato.[191] Liisku wuxuu khuseeyaa nuxurka aasaasiga ah iyadoo la eegayo mowduuca: taariikh nololeedka, taariikhda, juqraafiyada, bulshada, dhaqanka, sayniska, teknoolajiyada, iyo xisaabta.[191] Ma ahan mid naadir ah in maqaallada si adag ula xiriira luqad gaar ah aysan lahayn dhigooda nooc kale. Tusaale ahaan, maqaallada ku saabsan magaalooyinka yaryar ee Maraykanka waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan Soomaaliga oo keliya, xataa marka ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha caannimada ee mashaariicda kale ee luqadda Wikipedia.[192]

Qiyaasta tabarucaadka ka yimid gobollada kala duwan ee adduunka ilaa noocyada Wikipedia ee kala duwan, c. 2012. Eeg qoraalka.[193]

Maqaallada la turjumay waxay matalaan qayb yar oo ka mid ah maqaallada noocyada badankood, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah noocyadaas ma oggola turjumaad buuxda oo otomaatig ah oo maqaallada ah. Maqaallada laga heli karo in ka badan hal luqad waxay bixin karaan "interwiki links", kuwaas oo ku xiraya maqaallada dhigooda ah ee noocyada kale.[194][195]

Daraasad ay daabacday PLOS One 2005 waxay sidoo kale qiyaastay qaybta urursan ee tafatirka ee noocyada kala duwan ee Wikipedia ee ka yimid gobollada kala duwan ee adduunka, iyadoo lagu saleynayo wakhtiga maalinta. Waxay sheegtay in saamiga tafatirka ee ka yimid Waqooyiga Ameerika uu ahaa 51% Wikipedia Soomaaliga, iyo 25% Simple English Wikipedia.[193]

Tirada tafatirayaasha Wikipedia Soomaaliga

Maaj 1, 2014, The Economist, oo ku jirta maqaal cinwaankiisu ahaa "Mustaqbalka Wikipedia", ayaa soo xigatay falanqaynta isbeddelka ee ku saabsan xogta ay daabacday Wikimedia Foundation iyada oo sheegaysa in "tirada tafatirayaasha nooca luqadda Soomaaliga ay hoos u dhacday saddex meelood meel todobo sano gudahood."[196] Heerka ka bixitaanka ee tafatirayaasha firfircoon ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxaa soo xigtay The Economist inuu si weyn ugu kala duwanaan karo tirakoobyada Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale (non-Somali Wikipedia). The Economist waxay sheegtay in tirada dadka ku tabaruca celcelis ahaan shan tafatireyn ama ka badan bishii ay ahayd mid joogto ah ilaa 2008 ee Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale, oo ahayd qiyaastii 42,000 tafatirayaal ah gudaha xuduudaha xilliyeed ee cidhiidhiga ah ee ku dhow 2,000 tafatirayaal sare ama hoos. Tirada tafatirayaasha firfircoon ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga, oo ay ku jirto barbardhig adag, waxaa lagu sheegay inay kor u kacday 2007 ilaa qiyaastii 50,000 oo ay hoos ugu dhacday 30,000 markii la bilaabay 2014.[196]

Barbardhig ahaan, falanqaynta isbeddelka ee Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale (non-Somali Wikipedia) waxay muujineysaa guul ku wajahan haynta tafatirayaasha firfircoon iyadoo la adeegsanayo saldhig dib loo cusboonaysiin karo oo joogto ah, iyadoo tiradoodu ay tahay mid joogto ah oo ku dhow 24,000. Wax faallo ah lagama bixin taas oo ka mid ah heerarka siyaasadda tafatirka ee kala duwan ee ka yimid Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale (non-Somali Wikipedia) ay bixin lahayd beddel macquul ah oo loogu talagalay Wikipedia Soomaaliga si loo hagaajiyo heerarka ka bixitaanka tafatiraha ee Af-Soomaali Wikipedia.[196]

Soo Dhaweynta

Dhowr Wikipedians ayaa dhaleeceeyay xeer-nidaaminta weyn ee Wikipedia ee sii kordheysa, taas oo ka kooban in ka badan konton siyaasadood iyo ku dhowaad 150,000 oo eray as of 2014[197][151] Dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay sheegeen in Wikipedia ay muujineyso eex nidaamyeed. Sannadkii 2010, qoraa iyo suxufi Edwin Black ayaa ku tilmaamay Wikipedia mid ka kooban "run, bar-run, iyo xoogaa been ah".[198] Maqaallada ku jira The Chronicle of Higher Education iyo The Journal of Academic Librarianship ayaa dhaleeceeyay siyaasadda miisaanka aan habboonayn ee Wikipedia, iyaga oo ku soo gabagabeeyey in Wikipedia aan si cad loogu talagelin inay bixiso macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan mawduuc, balse ay diiradda saarto dhammaan aragtiyaha waaweyn ee ku saabsan mawduuca, siiso fiiro gaar ah kuwa yar, oo abuurta ka tagitaan taas oo horseedi karta aaminsanaan been ah oo ku saleysan macluumaad aan dhammaystirnayn.[199][200][201]

Suxufiyiinta Oliver Kamm iyo Edwin Black ayaa ku eedeeyay (2010 iyo 2011, siday u kala horreeyaan) in maqaallada ay ku badan yihiin codadka ugu sarreeya uguna adag, badanaaba koox wadata "ul ay ku shaqeystaan" oo ku saabsan mawduuca.[198][202] Maqaal 2008 lagu daabacay joornaalka Education Next ayaa ku soo gabagabeeyey in il ahaan ku saabsan mawduucyada muranka dhaliya, Wikipedia ay ku jirta gacanta lagu maamuli karo iyo spin.[203] Sannadkii 2020, Omer Benjakob iyo Stephen Harrison waxay xuseen in "Wararka warbaahinta ee Wikipedia ay si weyn isu beddeleen labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay: mar waxaa loo arkayay mid maskaxiyan ah, haddana waxaa lagu ammaanay 'godka ugu dambeeya ee xaqiiqada la wadaago' ee internetka."[204]

Shabakadaha wararka iyo dadka faallooyinka bixiya ee badan ayaa ku eedeeyay Wikipedia inay leedahay eex fikradeed. Febraayo 2021, Fox News waxay ku eedeysay Wikipedia inay nadiifinayso shuuciyadaha iyo hantiwadaagayaasha isla markaana ay leebahay eex "garabka bidix" ah oo aad u badan.[205] Larry Sanger, oo ka mid ahaa aasaasayaasha Wikipedia oo ka tagay Wikipedia 2002 si uu u aasaaso shabakado tartamaya, ayaa sheegay in Wikipedia ay noqotay "propaganda" loogu talagalay "dhismaha" garabka bidix ee u janjeera isla markaana uu ka digay in aan mar dambe lagu luuqayn kan goobta.[206][207] Sannadkii 2022, libertarian John Stossel ayaa ku dooday in Wikipedia, oo ah goob uu lacag ku taageeray mar, ay u muuqatay mid si tartiib tartiib ah u qaadatay leexasho weyn oo xagga eexda ah oo ku wajahan bidixda siyaasadeed, gaar ahaan mowduucyada siyaasadeed.[208] Daraasadaha qaar ayaa soo jeedinaya in Wikipedia (iyo gaar ahaan Wikipedia Soomaaliga) ay leedahay "eex dhaqameed reer galbeedka" ama "eex Eurocentric", iyada oo ku celinaysa, sida ay sheegto Anna Samoilenko, "eexda la mid ah ee laga helo 'munaaradda foolmaroodiga' ee taariikh nololeedka tacliinta." Carwil Bjork-James waxay soo jeedinaysaa in Wikipedia ay raaci karto qaabka kala duwanaanshaha ee aqoonta casriga ah iyadoo Dangzhi Zhao ku baaqayo in la "gumeysi-tirro" Wikipedia si loo yareeyo eexda ka timaada tafatirayaasha ragga cad ee fikradaha adag wata.[209]

Bishii Maajo 2026, boqolaal ka mid ah tatifirayaasha Wikipedia ayaa ku hanjabay inay shaqo-joojin sameynayaan ka dib markii WMF ay shaqada ka eriday Brooke Vibber, oo ah horumariye ku tabarucay sofweerka MediaWiki tan iyo 2003 isla markaana hore uga soo shaqeeyay sarkaal maamule tignoolajiyadeed oo u horreeyay WMF.[210] Intaa waxaa dheer, hal toddobaad ka dib markii la eriday Vibber, WMF waxay shaqada ka eriday lix shaqaale ah iyadoo xireysa kooxdeeda Community Tech, taasoo sii hurisay shaqo-joojinta iyo dadaalka ururinta shaqaalaha.[211] Maamulayaasha WMF waxay sheegeen in shaqaalaha Community Tech ay codsan karaan jagooyin kala duwan oo ka tirsan ururka, in habka rabitaanka dib loo habeyn doono, iyo in WMF ay aqoonsan doonto urur shaqaale oo hela taageerada inta badan ee shaqaalaha. Dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay xuseen in WMF ay si dadweyne ah u liis gareysay shaqooyin horumariye oo ka yar tirada shaqaalaha ay shaqada ka eriday.[210][212] Codsi muujinaya taageerada ururka Wiki Workers United (WWU) iyo diyaar u ahaanshaha in la galo shaqo-joojin waxaa saxiixay in ka badan 1050 xubnood oo bulshada ka tirsan laga bilaabo Juun 15, 2026.[213]

Saxnaanta Nuxurka

External audio
audio icon The Great Book of Knowledge, Part 1, Ideas with Paul Kennedy, CBC, January 15, 2014

Maqaallada loogu talagalay ensiklabeediyeyaasha dhaqameed sida Encyclopædia Britannica waxaa qora khubaro, taasoo siineysa ensiklabeediyeyaashaas sumcad ay ku leeyihiin saxnaanta.[214] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib-u-eegis ay sameeyeen asxaabtu 2005 oo ku saabsan afartan iyo laba shay oo saynis ah oo ku kala jira Wikipedia iyo Encyclopædia Britannica oo ay daabacday joornaalka sayniska Nature ayaa ka helay farqi yar oo ku saabsan saxnaanta, waxayna ku soo gabagabeeyeen in "sheyga sayniska ee celceliska ah ee Wikipedia uu ka kooban yahay ilaa afar cilmi-khaldan; Britannica, ku dhowaad saddex."[215]

Dadka kale waxay kor u qaadeen dhaleeceyn la mid ah.[216] Natiijooyinka ay soo saartay Nature waxaa ku murmay Encyclopædia Britannica,[217][218] iyo iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Nature waxay bixisay jawaab celin ku saabsan dhibcaha ay kor u qaadday Britannica.[219] Marka laga reebo khilaafka dhibic-ka-dhibic ee u dhexeeya labadan dhinac, dadka kale waxay baareen cabbirka muunadda iyo habka xulashada ee lagu adeegsaday dadaalka Nature, waxayna soo jeediyeen "naqshad daraasadeed oo cilladaysan" (ee xulashada gacanta ee Nature ee maqaallada, qayb ahaan ama guud ahaan, marka la barbar dhigo), maqnaanshaha falanqaynta tirakoobka (tusaale, ee xadka kalsoonida ee la weriyay), iyo la'aanta "awoodda tirakoobka" ee daraasadda (sida, sababtoo ah cabbirka muunadda yar, 42 ama 4 × 101 maqaallo la barbar dhigay, marka loo eego cabbirrada go'an ee >105 iyo >106 ee Britannica iyo Wikipedia Soomaaliga, siday u kala horreeyaan).[220]

Natiijo ahaan qaabdhismeedka furan, Wikipedia "ma ballanqaadeyso ansaxnimada" nuxurkeeda, maadaama aysan jirin cid si dhab ah mas'uul uga ah sheegasho kasta oo ka muuqata.[221] Walaacyo ayaa waxaa soo saaray PC World 2009 oo ku saabsan la'aanta mas'uuliyadda taas oo ka dhalata magac-la'aanta isticmaaleyaasha, gelinta macluumaad beenta ah,[222] burburinta, iyo dhibaatooyin la mid ah. Legal Research in a Nutshell (2011), waxay u adeegsataa Wikipedia "il guud" taas oo "noqon karta faa'iido dhab ah" marka "lagu soo degdegayo sharciga maamulaya xaalad" iyo, "inkasta oo aanay ahayn mid rasmi ah, waxay bixin kartaa xaqiiqada aasaasiga ah iyo sidoo kale hage u noqota ilo qoto dheer."[223]

Dhaqaaleyahan Tyler Cowen wuxuu qoray: "Haddii ay tahay inaan qiyaaso haddii Wikipedia ama maqaalka joornaalka ee dhaqaalaha la eegay uyahay mid run ah ka dib fikrad aan dheerayn, waxaan dooran lahaa Wikipedia." Wuxuu ku faallooday in ilaha dhaqameed ee qaar ee aan sheeko-khayaalka ahayn ay la dhibtoonayaan eex nidaamyeed, natiijooyinka cusubna, sida uu qabo, si xad dhaaf ah loogu soo warranaa maqaallada joornaalka, sidoo kalena macluumaadka khuseeya waa laga tagaa wararka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sidoo kale ka digayaa in khaladaadka inta badan laga helo goobaha internetka iyo in aqoonyahannada iyo khubaradu ay tahay inay feejignaadaan sidii ay u sixi lahaayeen.[224] Amy Bruckman waxay ku dooday in, sababtoo ah tirada dadka dib-u-eegista sameeya, "nuxurka bogga caanka ah ee Wikipedia waa dhab ahaantii nooca ugu kalsoonida badan ee macluumaad abid la abuuray."[225] Bishii Sebtembar 2022, suxufiga The Sydney Morning Herald Liam Mannix ayaa xusay in: "Ma jirto sabab loo filayo in Wikipedia ay noqoto mid sax ah... Oo weliba way tahay." Mannix wuxuu intaas ku daray isagoo ka wada hadlay dhowr daraasadood oo caddeeyey in Wikipedia ay guud ahaan tahay mid lagu kalsoonaan karo sida Encyclopædia Britannica, isagoo soo koobaya in "...in la jeediyo dhabarka ilaa ilkan cajiibka ah waa... mid yar oo daciif ah."[226]

Dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay ku doodayaan in qaabka furan ee Wikipedia iyo la'aanta ilaha habboon ee macluumaadka inta badan ay ka dhigayaan mid aan lagu kalsoonaan karin.[227] Faallo-bixiyeyaasha qaar ayaa soo jeedinaya in Wikipedia ay noqon karto mid lagu kalsoonaan karo, laakiin in kalsoonida maqaal kasta aanay caddayn.[228] Tafatirayaasha shaqada tixraaca dhaqameed sida Encyclopædia Britannica ayaa su'aal geliyay farsamada mashruuca iyo heerkiisa maadaama uu yahay ensiklabeediyo.[229] Aasaasaha Wikipedia Jimmy Wales ayaa sheegay in Wikipedia ay si weyn uga fogaatay dhibaatada "wararka beenta ah" sababtoo ah bulshada Wikipedia waxay si joogto ah uga doodaysaa tayada ilaha maqaallada.[230]

External videos
video icon Inside Wikipedia – Attack of the PR Industry, Deutsche Welle, 7:13 mins[231]

Qaab-dhismeedka furan ee Wikipedia wuxuu si dabiici ah uga dhigayaa bartilmaameed fudud trollelada internetka, spam-ka, iyo noocyada kala duwan ee u doodista lacagaha ee loo arko inay ka soo horjeedaan ilaalinta ensiklabeediyada khadka ah ee dhex-dhexaadka ah oo la xaqiijin karo.[107][232] Iyadoo laga jawaabayo tafatirka u doodista ee la bixiyo iyo arrimaha tafatirka ee aan la shaacin, Wikipedia waxaa lagu soo warramay maqaal ku jira The Wall Street Journal inay xoojisay xeerarkeedii iyo sharciyadeedii ka dhanka ahaa tafatirka aan la shaacin.[233] Maqaalku wuxuu sheegay: "Laga bilaabo Isniinta [laga bilaabo taariikhda maqaalka, Juun 16, 2014], isbeddellada shuruudaha isticmaalka Wikipedia waxay u baahan doonaan qof kasta oo lacag la siiyo si uu u tafatiro maqaallada inuu shaaciyo heshiiskaas. Katherine Maher, oo ah sarkaalka sare ee isgaarsiinta ee aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee Wikimedia Foundation, ayaa tiri isbeddellada waxay wax ka qabanayaan dareenka ka dhex jira tafatirayaasha mutadawiciinta ah ee ah 'ma nihin adeeg xayeysiis ah; waxaan nahay ensiklabeediyo.'"[233][234][235][236][237] Arrimahan, iyo kuwo kale, waxaa lagu caayay ilaa tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay ee Wikipedia, gaar ahaan waxaa sameeyay Stephen Colbert oo ka tirsanaa The Colbert Report.[238]

Qiimo-dhaca Tacliinta

Macallimiinta jaamacadaha qaar ayaa ka niyad jabiya ardayda inay ka soo xigtaan ensiklabeediyada kasta shaqada tacliinta, iyagoo doorbida ilaha koowaad;[239] qaar ayaa si gaar ah u mamnuuca xigashooyinka Wikipedia.[240][241] Wales wuxuu ku adkeeyaa in ensiklabeediyeyaasha nooc kasta ha ahaatee aanay inta badan ku habboonayn in loo isticmaalo ilo la soo xigan karo, mana aha in lagu tiirsanaado sidii kuwo rasmi ah.[242] Wales mar (2006 ama ka hor) wuxuu sheegay inuu helo ku dhowaad toban iimayl usbuuc kasta oo ka yimaada ardayda leh waxay ka heleen dhibco xun warqadaha sababtoo ah waxay ka soo xigteen Wikipedia; wuxuu u sheegay ardayda inay heleen wixii ay mudnaayeen. "Ilaah baan ku dhaartaye, waxaad ku jirtaa kulliyad; ha ka soo xigan ensiklabeediyada," ayuu yiri.[243]

Febraayo 2007, maqaal ku jira wargeyska The Harvard Crimson ayaa weriyay in qaar ka mid ah borofisoorada jaamacadda Harvard University ay ku darayeen maqaallada Wikipedia syllabiyadooda, inkasta oo aan la ogeyn in maqaallada ay isbedeli karaan.[244] Juun 2007, Michael Gorman, oo ahaa madaxii hore ee American Library Association, ayaa cambaareeyay Wikipedia, oo ay la socoto Google, isagoo sheegay in aqoonyahannada taageera isticmaalka Wikipedia ay yihiin "dhigaha maskaxda ee nafaqeeyaha oo ku talinaya cunto joogto ah oo ah Big Macs oo wata wax walba".[245]

Daraasad cilmi-baaris 2000 lagu daabacay Studies in Higher Education ayaa ku dooday in Wikipedia lagu dabaqi karo "fasalka la rogay" ee tacliinta sare, oo ah qaab waxbarasho oo ardaydu ay wax ku bartaan ka hor inta nahay iman fasalka oo ay ku dabaqaan hawlaha fasalka. Kooxda tijaabada ah waxaa la faray inay wax bartaan ka hor fasalka oo ay helaan jawaab celin degdeg ah ka hor inta aan la gelin (qaabka fasalka la rogay), halka kooxda kantaroolka la siiyay tilmaamo toos ah fasalka dhexdiisa (qaabka fasalka caadiga ah). Kooxaha waxaa la faray inay si wada jir ah u horumariyaan maqaallada Wikipedia, kuwaas oo lagu qiimayn doono tayada ka dib daraasadda. Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in kooxda tijaabada ah ay soo saartay maqaallo Wikipedia ah oo badan oo ay heleen dhibco sarreeya oo tayo leh. Daraasadda ayaa ku soo gabagabeysay in waxbarashada Wikipedia ee fasallada la rogay ay ka waxtar badnayd marka loo eego fasallada caadiga ah, iyadoo muujineysa in Wikipedia loo isticmaali karo qalab waxbarasho oo ku jira tacliinta sare.[246]

Macluumaadka Caafimaadka

March 5, 2014, Julie Beck, oo u qoraysay majalladda The Atlantic maqaal cinwaankiisu ahaa "Doctors' #1 Source for Healthcare Information: Wikipedia", ayaa sheegtay in "Konton boqolkiiba dhakhaatiirtu ay ka raadiyaan xaaladaha goobta (Wikipedia), qaar kalena ay iyagu wax ka beddelaan maqaallada si ay u hagaajiyaan tayada macluumaadka la heli karo."[247] Beck waxay sii wadday in ay faahfaahiso maqaalkan barnaamijyada cusub ee Amin Azzam ee University of San Francisco si ay u bixiyaan koorsooyinka dugsiga caafimaadka ardayda caafimaadka si ay u bartaan sida loo tafatiro oo loo hagaajiyo maqaallada Wikipedia ee ku saabsan arrimaha la xiriira caafimaadka, iyo sidoo kale barnaamijyada xakamaynta tayada gudaha ee ka dhex jira Wikipedia ee ay soo agaasimeen James Heilman si loo hagaajiyo koox ka kooban 200 oo maqaallo caafimaad ah oo muhiimad dhexe u leh caafimaadka ilaa heerka ugu sarreeya ee Wikipedia ee maqaallada iyadoo la adeegsanayo hannaanka qiimaynta asxaabta ee Maqaalka Muuqda iyo Maqaalka Wanaagsan.[247] May 7, 2014, maqaal daba-galka ah ee The Atlantic oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Can Wikipedia Ever Be a Definitive Medical Text?", Julie Beck waxay soo xiganaysaa James Heilman oo ka tirsan WikiProject Medicine isagoo leh: "Kaliya sababtoo ah tixraac waa mid ay dib-u-eegis ku sameeyeen asxaabtu macnaheedu maaha inay tahay tixraac tayo sare leh."[248] Beck waxay ku dartay in: "Wikipedia ay leedahay hannaankeeda dib-u-eegista asxaabta ka hor intaan maqaallada loo kala saarin 'wanaagsan' ama 'muuqda'. Heilman, oo ka qaybqaatay hannaankaas hore, wuxuu leeyahay 'in ka yar hal boqolkiiba' maqaallada caafimaadka ee Wikipedia ayaa ka gudbay."[248]

Daboolida mowduucyada iyo eexda nidaamyeed

Wikipedia waxay doonaysaa inay abuurto soo koobid dhammaan aqoonta bini'aadamka oo ah qaab ensiklabeediyo online ah, iyadoo mowduuc kasta lagu daboolayo si ensiklabeediyo ah hal maqaal. Maadaama ay leedahay terabytes oo meel disk ah, waxay yeelan kartaa mowduucyo aad uga badan kuwa ay dabooli karto ensiklabeediyo kasta oo daabacan.[249] Xaddiga saxda ah iyo qaabka daboolida ee Wikipedia ayaa si joogto ah loogu eegaa tafatirayaasheeda, khilaafaadkuna ma ahan kuwo naadir ah (eeg deletionism and inclusionism).[250][251] Wikipedia waxay ka kooban tahay agab ay dadka qaar u arki karaan mid la diidi karo, xun, ama qaawan.[252] Siyaasadda "Wikipedia ma laha faafreeb" mararka qaardood waxay caddaysay inay tahay mid muran dhalisa: 2008, Wikipedia waxay diiday codsi online ah oo ka dhan ahaa ku daridda sawirrada Muxammed ee nooca Soomaaliga ee maqaalka Muhammad, iyadoo daliishanaysa siyaasaddan.[253] Joogitaanka waxyaabaha qaawan, oo ay la socdaan agabka xasaasiga ah ee dhanka siyaasadda iyo diinta ee Wikipedia ayaa horseeday in faafreeb lagu sameeyo maamulada qaranka ee Shiinaha[254] iyo Pakistan,[255] dalal kale dhexdood.[256][257][258]

Barnaamijkeeda "Wikipedia Loves Libraries", Wikipedia waxay la gashay iskaashi maktabado dadweyne oo waaweyn sida New York Public Library for the Performing Arts si loo ballaariyo daboolideeda mowduucyada iyo maqaallada aan la filanin.[259] Daraasad 2011 ay sameeyeen cilmi-baarayaal ka tirsan University of Minnesota waxay muujisay in tafatirayaasha labka iyo dheddigga ay diiradda saaraan mowduucyo daboolid oo kala duwan. Waxaa jiray urursanaan weyn oo dheddig ah qaybta "dadka iyo fanka", halka raggu ay diiradda saaraan "juqraafiyada iyo sayniska".[260] Faallo ku jirtay The Guardian 2014 ayaa sheegtay in dadaal badan la geliyay bixinta tixraacyada liiska jilaayaasha filimada qaawan ee dheddigga ah marka loo eego liiska qorayaasha dumarka ah.[261]

Eexaha Nidaamyeed

Siyaasadaha Wikipedia waxay xaddidi karaan "awoodeeda ay si dhab ah ugu matali karto aqoonta caalamiga ah". Tusaale ahaan, Wikipedia waxay u tixgelisaa ilaha la daabacay oo keliya inay yihiin kuwo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Aqoonta afka ah ee dhaqamada Asalka ah mar walba laguma muujiyo daabacaadda. Mowduucyada la takoorey sidoo kale waxay u badan yahay inay ka maqnaadaan daboolin muhiim ah oo ku jirta ilaha la kalsoonaan karo. Nuxurka Wikipedia Sidaas darteed wuxuu ku xaddidan yahay natiijada eexaha nidaamyeed ee waaweyn.[262]

Daraasaadka tacliimeed ee Wikipedia waxay muujiyeen in tafatiraha celceliska ah ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga uu yahay nin caddaan ah oo aqoon leh, u janjeera tignoolajiyada, da'diisu tahay 15–49, kana soo jeeda dal horumaray, oo inta badan Masiixi ah.[263] Aragtida u dhiganta (POV) waa mid si xad dhaaf ah loo matelay.[264][265] Eexdan nidaamyeed ee tirakoobka tafatiraha waxay keentaa eex dhaqameed, eex jinsi, iyo eex juqraafi.[266][267] Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo eex ah, kuwaas oo ah dhab ah (marka mowduuc laga tago) iyo cad (marka POV gaar ah si xad dhaaf ah loogu matalo maqaal ama tixraacyo dhexdiisa).[264]

Qiimaynta tacliimeed ee anshaxa u dhexeysa ee maqaallada Wikipedia waxay ogaatay in inkasta oo maqaallada ay inta badan yihiin kuwo sax ah oo ka madax bannaan macluumaad khaldan, haddana badanaa ma dhammaystirna mana soo bandhigaan dhammaan aragtiyaha oo wata aragti dhex-dhexaad ah.[266] Sannadkii 2011, Wales wuxuu sayay in sinnaan la'aanta dabooliddu ay tahay muraayad muujinaysa tirakoobka tafatirayaasha, isagoo tusaale u soo qaatay "taariikh nololeedyada dumarka caanka ah ee taariikhda ku jira iyo arrimaha ku xeeran daryeelka carruurta hore".[46] Maqaalkii Oktoobar 22, 2013 ee Tom Simonite ee ka tirsanaa Technology Review ee MIT oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "The Decline of Wikipedia" wuxuu ka hadlay saamaynta eexda nidaamyeed iyo soo dabcinta siyaasadda ee ku wajahan isbeddelka hoos u dhaca ee tirada tafatirayaasha.[47]

Cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen Mark Graham oo ka tirsan Oxford Internet Institute 2009 waxay muujisay in qaybinta juqraafiyadeed ee mowduucyada maqaallada ay tahay mid aan sinnayn, iyadoo Afrika ay tahay tan ugu yar ee la matelay.[268] Inta u dhexeysa 30 nooc oo luqadood ah oo Wikipedia ah, maqaallada taariikhiga ah iyo qaybaha waa kuwo reer Yurub u jeeda oo diiradda saaraya dhacdooyinkii ugu dambeeyay.[269]

Nuxurka Muuqda ee Qaawan

Wikipedia waxaa loo dhaleeceeyay in loo oggolaado macluumaadka ku saabsan nuxurka garaafka ah.[270] Maqaallada muujinaya waxa ay dhaleeceeyayaashu ku tilmaameen nuxur aan la aqbali karin (sida saxaro, mayd, guska bini'aadamka, xubinta taranka dheddigga, iyo qaawan) waxay ka kooban yihiin sawirro garaaf ah iyo macluumaad faahfaahsan oo si sahlan uga heli kara qof kasta oo haysta internetka, oo ay ku jiraan carruurta.[271] Goobta also waxaa ku jira nuxur galmo sida sawirro iyo muuqaallo is-kicin iyo biyo-bax, sawirro u janjeera xayawaanka, iyo sawirro ka yimid filimada pornography-ga adag ee maqaalladeeda. Sidoo kale waxay leedahay sawirro carruur ah oo aan lahayn dhar oo aan ahayn kuwa galmada.[272]

Maqaalka Wikipedia ee ku saabsan Virgin Killer—album 1976 ah oo ka yimid kooxda rock-ga Jarmalka Scorpions—wuxuu leeyahay sawir ka mid ah daboolka asalka ah ee albumka, kaas oo muujinaya gabadh yar oo aan qaangaarin oo qaawan. Daboolkii la sii daayay ee asalka ahaa wuxuu keenay muran waxaana lagu beddelay dalal qaar. Diseembar 2008, helitaanka maqaalka Wikipedia Virgin Killer waxaa xiray afar maalmood inta badan bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka ee Boqortooyada Midowday ka dib markii Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) ay go'aansatay in daboolka albumku uu ahaa sawir aan habboonayn oo sharci-darro ah kuna dartay URL-ka maqaalka "liiska madow" ee ay siiso bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka ee Britain.[273]

Abriil 2010, Sanger wuxuu warqad u qoray Xafiiska Baaritaanka Federaalka (FBI), isagoo soo bandhigaya walaaciisa ah in laba qaybood oo sawirro ah oo ku jira Wikimedia Commons ay ka kooban yihiin sawirro qaawan oo carruur ah, isla markaana ay jebinayaan sharciga akhlaaq xumada federaalka Mareykanka.[274][275] Sanger dambe wuxuu caddeeyay in sawirrada, oo la xiriiray jeclaysiga carruurta iyo mid ku saabsan lolicon, aanay ahayn carruur dhab ah, laakiin wuxuu sheegay inay ahaayeen "matalaadaha aragtiyeed ee xun ee xadgudubka galmada ee carruurta", iyada oo hoos imaanaysa Sharciga Ilaalinta ee 2003 (PROTECT Act).[276] Sharcigani wuxuu mamnuucayaa pornografi-ga carruurta ee sawirrada ah iyo sawirrada kartoonada iyo sawirrada carruurta ee ah kuwo xun marka loo eego sharciga Mareykanka.[276] Sanger sidoo kale wuxuu muujiyay walaac ku saabsan helitaanka sawirrada Wikipedia ee dugsiyada dhexdiisa.[277]

Afhayeenka Wikimedia Foundation Jay Walsh ayaa si adag u diiday eedeynta Sanger,[278] isagoo leh Wikipedia ma lahayn "agab aan u aragno inuu yahay mid sharci-darro ah. Haddii aan haysan lahayn, waanu ka saari lahayn."[278] Ka dib cabashadii ka timid Sanger, Wales wuxuu tirtiray sawirrada galmada iyadoon la tashan bulshada. Ka dib markii tafatirayaasha mutadawiciinta ah ay ku doodeen in go'aanka la qaatay si degdeg ah, Wales wuxuu si ikhtiyaari ah uga tanaasulay qaar ka mid ah awoodaha uu haystay qayb ka mid ah xaaladdiisa aasaasaha. Wuxuu ku qoray fariin ku socota liiska iimaylka ee Wikimedia Foundation in falkan uu ahaa "iyadoo la eegayo danaha dhiirigelinta wadahadalkan inuu noqdo mid ku saabsan arrimaha dhabta ah ee falsafada/nuxurka, halkii ay ka noqon lahayd aniga iyo sida aan u dhaqmay si degdeg ah".[279] Dhaleeceeyayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan Wikipediocracy, ayaa ogaaday in badan oo ka mid ah sawirrada qaawan ee laga tirtiray Wikipedia ilaa 2010 ay dib u soo muuqdeen.[280]

Qarinshada Xogta Shakhsiga ah

Hal walaac oo sir ah ku saabsan kiiska Wikipedia wuxuu khuseeyaa xuquuqda qofka ee ah inuu ahaado muwaadin gaar ah halkii uu ka noqon lahaa qof dadweyne ah indhaha sharciga.[281][j] Waa dagaal u dhexeeya xuquuqda lagu noqon karo mid aan la aqoon meelaha internetka iyo xuquuqda lagu noqon karo mid aan la aqoon nolosha dhabta ah. Siyaasadda sirta ee Wikimedia Foundation waxay leedahay, "waxaan aaminsanahay inaadan bixin inta badan macluumaadka shakhsiga ah si aad uga qaybqaadato dhaqdhaqaaqa aqoonta xorta ah", waxayna sheegaysaa in "macluumaadka shakhsiga ah" la wadaagi karo "Sababo sharci darro ah", "Si Loogu Ilaaliyo Adiga, Naftaada & Dadka Kalena", ama "Si loo Fahmo & Tijaabiyo".[282]

Jannaayo 2006, maxkamad Jarmal ah waxay amar ku bixisay in German Wikipedia la xiro gudaha Jarmalka sababtoo ah waxay sheegtay magaca buuxa ee Boris Floricic, aka "Tron", oo ahaa haker dhintay. Febraayo 9, 2006, amarka ka dhanka ahaa Wikimedia Deutschland waa la rogey, iyadoo maxkamaddu ay diiday fikradda ah in xuquuqda sirta ee Tron ama tan waalidkiis la jebinayay.[283]

Wikipedia waxay leedahay "Volunteer Response Team" oo isticmaasha Znuny, oo ah softweer bilaash ah oo furan oo ka yimid OTRS[284] si loo maareeyo waydiimaha iyadoon la shaacin aqoonsiga dhinacyada lugta ku leh. Tan waxaa loo isticmaalaa, tusaale ahaan, xaqiijinta ogolaanshaha isticmaalka sawirrada shakhsi ahaaneed iyo warbaahinta kale ee mashruuca.[285]

Dhamaadkii Abriil 2023, Wikimedia Foundation waxay ku dhawaaqday in Wikipedia aysan u hoggaansami doonin wax xaqiijin ah oo da'da ah oo laga yaabo inay u baahato sharciga Online Safety Bill ee UK. Rebecca MacKinnon oo ka tirsan Wikimedia Foundation waxay sheegtay in hubinta noocaas ah ay ka hor imaanayso ballanqaadka shabakadda ee ururinta xogta ugu yar ee ku saabsan dadka ku tabaruca iyo akhristayaasheeda.[286]

Takoorka Jinsiga

Wikipedia waxaa lagu sifeeyay 2015 inay hoy u tahay dhaqanka garoonka dagaalka ee takooridda jinsiga iyo dhibaataynta.[287][288] Dulqaadka la dareemay ee luqadda cayda ah wuxuu ahaa sabab la soo bandhigay 2013 oo keentay farqiga jinsiga ee tafatirayaasha Wikipedia.[289] Munaasabadaha tafatirka ayaa la qabtay si loo dhiirrigeliyo tafatirayaasha dheddigga ah loona kordhiyo daboolidda mowduucyada dumarka.[290]

Bishii Maajo 2018, tafatiraha Wikipedia ayaa diiday maqaal la soo gudbiyay oo ku saabsan Donna Strickland sababtoo ah la'aanta daboolin warbaahinta dhexdeeda.[291][292] Shan bilood ka dib, Strickland waxay ku guuleysatay Abaaraha Nobel ee Fiisikisaka "hal-abuuro cusub oo ku saabsan aagga fiisikisaka leysarka", iyada oo noqotay haweeneydii saddexaad ee abid hesha abaalmarinta.[292][293] Kahor inta aysan ku guuleysan abaalmarinta, xuska kaliya ee Strickland ee Wikipedia wuxuu ku jiray maqaalka ku saabsan gacankaryaha iyo ku-guuleystaha lammaanaha ah ee abaalmarinta Gérard Mourou.[292] Ka-saariddeeda Wikipedia waxay horseeday eedeymo ku saabsan takooridda jinsiga, laakiin Corinne Purtill oo u qoraysa Quartz ayaa ku dooday in "ay sidoo kale cashar tilmaamaya halisaha eexda jinsiga ee warbaahinta, iyo cawaaqibta ballaaran ee matalaad la'aanta."[294] Purtill waxay arrinta dusha saaraysaa eexda jinsiga ee daboolida warbaahinta.[294]

Sahan dhammaystiran oo 2008 ah, oo la daabacay 2016, oo ay sameeyeen Julia B. Bear oo ka tirsan Kulliyadda Ganacsiga ee Stony Brook University iyo Benjamin Collier oo ka tirsan Carnegie Mellon University ayaa ogaaday kala duwanaansho weyn oo jinsiga ah oo ku saabsan kalsoonida khibradda, raaxo-darrada tafatirka, iyo jawaabta celceliska naqdiyaha. "Haweenku waxay soo sheegeen kalsooni yar oo ku saabsan khibradooda, waxay muujiyeen raaxo-darro weyn oo ku saabsan tafatirka (oo inta badan ku lug leh khilaaf), waxayna soo sheegeen jawaab celin taban oo dheeraad ah marka loo eego ragga."[295]

Nine Theses

"Nine Theses" waxay tilmaamaysaa soo jeedin dib-u-habeyn oo uu daabacay Larry Sanger Oktoob 2025. Sanger's Nine Theses ee ku saabsan Wikipedia waxay soo bandhigaysaa qiimeyn naqdi ah iyo ajandaha dib-u-habeynta ee Wikipedia. Soo jeedintu waa qayb ka mid ah dadaalkiisa ballaaran ee wax looga qabanayo waxa Sanger u arko inay yihiin arrimo nidaamyeed oo ka dhex jira Wikipedia, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin eex fikradeed, daahfurnaan la'aan ku jirta hab-maamuuska tafatirayaasha, iyo habraac go'aan-qaadasho oo ku saleysan is-afgarad oo aan waxtar lahayn.[296][297]

Howlgalka

Wikimedia Foundation iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Xiriirka La Leh

Sue Gardner, agaasimaha fulinta ee ugu horreeyay, 2013 at Wikimania

Wikipedia waxaa martigeliya oo maalgeliya Wikimedia Foundation, oo ah hay'ad aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo sidoo kale maamusha mashaariicda la xiriira Wikipedia sida Wiktionary iyo Wikibooks.[298] Hay'addu waxay ku tiirsan tahay tabarucaadka dadweynaha iyo deeqaha si ay u maalgeliso hawlgalkeeda.[299][300] Foomka 990 ee Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha ee hay'adda ee 2020 wuxuu muujinayaa dakhli dhan $124.6 milyan iyo kharash dhan ku dhowaad $112.2 milyan, iyadoo hantidu ay tahay qiyaastii $191.2 milyan iyo deyn dhan ku dhowaad $11 milyan.[301]

Bishii Maajo 2014, Wikimedia Foundation waxay u magacowday Lila Tretikov agaasimaha fulinta ee labaad, iyada oo la wareegaysa Sue Gardner.[302] The Wall Street Journal ayaa werisay Maajo 1, 2014, in khibradda tignoolajiyada macluumaadka ee Tretikov, ee ka timid sanadadeeda Jaamacadda California ay siinaysaa Wikipedia Soomaaliga fursad ay ku horumariso jihooyin aad u urursan oo uu hagayo bayaankeeda mowqifka ah ee soo noqnoqday oo ah, "Macluumaadka, sida hawada, wuxuu doonayaa inuu noqdo mid xor ah."[303][304] Isla maqaalkii Wall Street Journal ayaa weriyay jihooyinka horumarinta ee ku saleysan waraysi la yeeshay afhayeenka Jay Walsh ee Wikimedia, kaasoo "sheegay in Tretikov ay wax ka qaban doonto arrintaas (tafatirka u doodista ee la bixiyo) mudnaan ahaan. 'Waxaan si dhab ah ugu riixeynaa dhanka daahfurnaan dheeraad ah... Waxaan xoojineynaa in tafatirka u doodista ee la bixiyo aan la soo dhoweyn.' Hindisayaasha lagu lug yeesho kala duwanaansho weyn oo tabarucaad ah, taageero mobayl oo wanaagsan oo Wikipedia Soomaaliga ah, qalab cusub oo juqraafi ah si loo helo nuxurka maxalliga ah si sahlan, iyo qalab badan oo loogu talagalay isticmaaleyaasha adduunka labaad iyo saddexaad sidoo kale waa mudnaanaha," ayuu yiri Walsh.[303]

Ka dib bixitaankii Tretikov ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga sababtoo ah arrimaha ku saabsan adeegsiga sifooyinka "ilaalinta sare" ee noocyada luqadaha qaar ee Wikipedia ay qaateen,[305] Katherine Maher waxay noqotay agaasimaha fulinta ee saddexaad ee Wikimedia Foundation bishii Juun 2016.[306] Maher waxay sheegtay in mid ka mid ah mudnaanteeda uu noqon doono arrinta dhibaataynta tafatiraha ee ku baahsan Wikipedia Soomaaliga sidii ay aqoonsatay guddiga Wikipedia bishii Diseembar. Waxay u sheegtay Bloomberg Businessweek oo ku saabsan arrinta dhibaataynta in: "Waxay ka dhisaysaa dareen bulshada dhexdeeda ah in tani ay tahay mudnaan... [iyo in saxitaanku u baahan yahay in] ay noqoto mid ka badan erayo."[175]

Maher waxay u adeegtay agaasime ful ita ilaa Abriil 2021.[307] Maryana Iskander waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa fulinta ee imanaya bishii Sebtembar 2021, waxayna la wareegtay doorkaas bishii Jannaayo 2022. Waxay sheegtay in mid ka mid ah diiraddeeda ay noqon doonto kordhinta kala duwanaanshaha bulshada Wikimedia.[308] Iskander waxay shaqaynaysay ilaa Jannaayo 2026, markaas oo Bernadette Meehan ay la wareegtay xilka Agaasimaha Fulinta.

Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxaa kaloo taageera ururo iyo kooxo badan oo xiriir la leh Wikimedia Foundation laakiin si madaxbannaan u shaqeeya, oo lagu magacaabo laamaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Wikimedia. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah laamaha Wikimedia (kuwaas oo ah ururo qaran ama hoose, sida Wikimedia Deutschland iyo Wikimedia France), ururada mawduuca (sida Amical Wikimedia ee bulshada luqadda Katalanka), iyo kooxaha isticmaaleyaasha. Laamahani waxay ka qaybqaataan dhiirrigelinta, horumarinta, iyo maalgelinta Wikipedia Soomaaliga.[309]

Hawlgallada Sofweerka iyo Taageerada

Hawlgalka Wikipedia Soomaaliga wuxuu ku xiran yahay MediaWiki, oo ah madal softweer wiki ah oo la sameeyay, bilaash ah iyo furan oo lagu qoray PHP isla markaana lagu dhisay nidaamka xog-ururinta MySQL.[310] Sofweerku wuxuu ku darayaa sifooyin barnaamijyeed sida luqadda makro, doorsoomayaal, nidaam tallaalid oo loogu talagalay shabakadaha, iyo leexinta URL.[311] MediaWiki waxaa lagu shatiyeeyey GNU General Public License (GPL) waxaana isticmaala dhammaan mashaariicda Wikimedia, iyo sidoo kale mashaariicda kale ee wiki ee badan.[310][312] Asal ahaan, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ku shaqaynaysay UseModWiki oo ay ku qortay Perl Clifford Adams (Wejigii I), kaas oo bilowgii u baahnaa CamelCase xiriirinta maqaallada; qaabka labajibbaaran ee hadda la isticmaalo waxaa la daray dambe. Laga bilaabo Jannaayo 2002 (Wejigii II), Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay bilowday inay ku shaqeyso mashiinka PHP wiki oo wata xog-ururin MySQL; softweerkan waxaa u sameeyay Wikipedia Soomaaliga Magnus Manske. Softweerka Wejigii II waxaa lagu celceliyay in wax laga beddelo si loo waafajiyo baahida si xad dhaaf ah u kordheysa. Luuliyo 2002 (Wejigii III), Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay u wareegtay softweerka jiilka saddexaad, MediaWiki, oo asal ahaan uu qoray Lee Daniel Crocker.

Kordhintiyada MediaWiki ee dhowr ah ayaa la rakibay si loo kordhiyo shaqada softweerka MediaWiki.[313] Abriil 2005, kordhin Lucene ah[314][315] ayaa lagu daray raadinta ku dhex jirta MediaWiki waana Wikipedia Soomaaliga ay ka beddeshay MySQL oo u wareegtay Lucene raadinta. Lucene waxaa dambe lagu beddelay CirrusSearch oo ku salaysan Elasticsearch.[316] Luuliyo 2013, ka dib tijaabo beta oo ballaaran, kordhin WYSIWYG ah (Waxa aad aragto waa waxa aad hesho), VisualEditor, ayaa loo furay isticmaalka dadweynaha.[317][318][319] Waxaa lala kulmay diidmo iyo dhaleeceyn badan, waxaana lagu sifeeyay mid "gaabis ah oo cilladaysan".[320] Sifada waxaa markii dambe laga beddelay mid la diidi karo oo la geliyay mid la dooran karo.[321]

Tafatirka Otomaatiga ah

Barnaamijyada kombuyuutarka ee loo yaqaan bot-yada waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu qabto hawlo fudud oo soo noqnoqda, sida sixitaanka hingaadyada caadiga ah iyo arrimaha hab-qoraalka, ama in la bilaabo maqaallo sida gelitaanka juqraafiyada ee qaab caadi ah oo ka yimid xogta tirakoobka.[322][323][324] Hal qoraa oo muran dhaliyay, Sverker Johansson, wuxuu abuuray maqaallo wata bot-kiisa Lsjbot, kaas oo la weriyay inuu abuuray ilaa 10,000 oo maqaallo ah Swedish Wikipedia maalmo gaar ah.[325] Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira bot-yo loogu talagalay inay si otomaatig ah ugu ogeysiiyaan tafatirayaasha marka ay sameeyaan khaladaadka tafatirka ee caadiga ah (sida oraahyada aan u dhigmin ama qaybaha aan u dhigmin).[326] Tafatirada si khaldan u aqoonsan bot-yada inay yihiin shaqada tafatiraha la mamnuucay waxaa soo celin kara tafatirayaasha kale. Bot-ka ka hortagga burburinta waxaa loo barnaamijyeeyay inuu ogaado oo uu si dhakhso leh u soo celiyo burburinta.[323] Bot-yada waxay awoodaan inay muujiyaan tafatirada xisaabaadka gaarka ah ama kala duwanaanshaha ciwaanka IP, sida ka dhacay xilligii la soo riday duulimaadka Malaysia Airlines 17 (MH17) Luuliyo 2014 marka la weriyay in tafatirada lagu sameeyay IP-yada uu maamulayo dowladda Ruushka.[327] Bot-yada Wikipedia waa in la oggolaadaa ka hor intaan la hawlgelin.[328] Sida uu qabo Andrew Lih, ballaarinta hadda ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga ee malaayiinka maqaallo ah waxay noqon lahayd mid adag in la sawiro iyada oo aan la isticmaalin bot-yadaas.[329]

Bishii March 2026, wakiil AI ah, Tom, ayaa ku tafatirey Wikipedia Soomaaliga hoostaga xisaabta TomWikiAssist. Xisaabta waxaa laga xiray inay tahay bot aan la oggolayn.[330]

Hawlgallada Qalabka iyo Taageerada

Sawirka jaantuska ee muujinaya socodka xogta ee u dhexeeya server-yada Wikipedia.
Dulmarka naqshadda nidaamka as of Agoosto 2022

As of 2021, codsiyada bogga waxaa marka hore loo gudbiyaa lakabka hore ee server-yada kaydinta Varnish waxaana kaydinta dambe lagu sameeyaa Apache Traffic Server.[331] Codsiyada aan laga bixin karin kaydka Varnish waxaa loo diraa server-yada culeyska dheellitira ee wada softweerka Linux Virtual Server, kuwaas oo iyaguna u gudbiya mid ka mid ah server-yada shabakadda Apache si loogu sameeyo bogga xog-ururinta.[331] Server-yada shabakaddu waxay bixiyaan boggaga sida looga codsado, iyagoo u sameynaya boggaga dhammaan noocyada luqadaha Wikipedia. Si loo kordhiyo xawaaraha dheeraadka ah, boggaga la sameeyay waxaa lagu kaydiyaa kayd xusuus ah oo qaybsan illaa laga tirtirayo, taas oo u oggolaanaysa boggaga inay si buuxda u dhaafeen gelitaanka bogga ugu caansan.[332]

Wikipedia Soomaaliga hadda waxay ku shaqaysaa kooxo u go'an oo ka tirsan server-yada Linux ee wada nidaamka hawlgalka Debian.[333] Laga soo bilaabo Jannaayo 22, 2013, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay u guurtay xarunteeda xogta aasaasiga ah xarunta Equinix ee ku taal Ashburn, Virginia.[334][335] Xarun xogta codsiga labaad ayaa la abuuray 2014 magaalada Carrollton, Texas, si loo hagaajiyo kalsoonida Wikipedia Soomaaliga.[336][337] Labada xarun xogta waxay u shaqeeyaan sida tan aasaasiga ah, iyagoo kala beddelaya simistarrada, halka tan kalena ay u shaqeyneyso sida xarun xogta labaad.[338] Sannadkii 2017, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ku rakibtay koox kayd ah xarunta Equinix ee ku taal Singapore, taasoo ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee nooceed ah ee Aasiya.[339] Sannadkii 2022, xarun xogta kaydinta ah ayaa laga furay Marseille, Faransiiska.[340] Sannadkii 2024, xarun xogta kaydinta ah ayaa laga furay São Paulo, taas oo ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee nooceed ah ee Koonfurta Ameerika.[341] As of Nofeembar 2024, kooxaha kaydinta waxay ku yaalliin Amsterdam, San Francisco, Singapore, Marseille, iyo São Paulo.[342][343]

Cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta hawlgelinta

Ka dib kororka tirada deeqaha soo galaya 2013 ee ka batay toddobo tiro,[47] Aasaaska ayaa gaaray heer hanti ah oo u qalma tixgelintiisa hoos imaanaysa mabaadi'da dhaqaalaha ururinta warshadaha si loo muujiyo baahida loo qabo in deeqaha dib loogu maalgashado cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta Aasaaska.[344] Labada mashruuc ee cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarintaas waxay ahaayeen abuuritaanka Tafatiraha Muuqda (Visual Editor) iyo tabka "Mahad" ee taariikhda tafatirka, kuwaas oo la horumariyay si loo hagaajiyo dhibaatooyinka ka bixitaanka tafatirayaasha.[47][320] Qiyaasta dib-u-maalgelinta ee ururada warshadaha ee cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta waxaa bartay Adam Jaffe, kaas oo diiwaangeliyay in inta u dhexeysa 4% ilaa 25% sanad walba lagu talinayo, iyadoo tignoolajiyada heerka sarreysa ay u baahan tahay heerka sare ee taageerada dib-u-maalgelinta gudaha.[345] Heerka deeqaha ee 2013 ee Wikimedia ee hadda la dokumentay oo ah 45 milyan oo doollar,[346] heerka miisaaniyadda ee la xisaabiyay ee uu Jaffe ku taliyay ee dib loogu maalgashado cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta waa inta u dhexeysa 1.8 milyan iyo 11.3 milyan oo doollar sanad walba.[345] Sannadkii 2019, heerka deeqaha waxaa Wikimedia Foundation ku warrantay inuu ahaa $120 milyan sanad walba,[347] taasoo cusbooneysiinaysa qiyaasaha Jaffe ee heerka sare ee taageerada inta u dhexeysa $3.08 milyan iyo $19.2 milyan sanad walba.[345]

Daabacadaha Warka ee Gudaha

Mashaariicda badan ee Wikimedia waxay leeyihiin daabacado wararka gudaha ah. Wargeyska khadka ah ee Wikimedia The Signpost waxaa la aasaasay 2005 waxaa aasaasay Michael Snow, oo ahaa maamule Wikipedia ah oo ku biiray guddiga maamulka Wikimedia Foundation 2008.[348][349] Daabacaddani waxay ka hadashaa wararka iyo dhacdooyinka ka socda Wikipedia Soomaaliga, Wikimedia Foundation, iyo mashaariicda walaalaha ah ee Wikipedia.[350]

Maktabada Wikipedia

Astaanta Maktabadda Wikipedia
Astaanta Maktabadda Wikipedia

Tafatirayaasha Wikipedia Soomaaliga mararka qaarkood waxay la dhibtoonayaan inay helaan ilaha lacagta ku xiran ee looga baahan yahay in lagu hagaajiyo mawduuc.[351] Maktabada Wikipedia waa il khayraad oo loogu talagalay tafatirayaasha Wikipedia taas oo bixisa helitaanka bilaashka ah ee noocyo kala duwan oo ah daabacadaha digital-ka ah, si ay u tashadaan oo ay u xigtaan kuwan iyagoo tafatiraya ensiklabeediyada.[352][353] Waxaa la aasaasay 2010 markii Credo Reference ay ku deeqday 500 oo xisaabood oo bilaash ah, waxaa si dhow u raacay in ka badan 4,500 oo xisaabood oo ay ku deeqeen HighBeam Research (oo xirmay 2018), Questia Online Library (oo xirmay 2020), JSTOR, iyo Cochrane Library.[354] Sannadkii 2013, Wikimedia Foundation waxay bilowday in ay maalgeliso barnaamijka iyada oo loo marayo deeqaha.[354] Tan iyo markaas, in ka badan 60 daabacayaal ayaa la gashay iskaashi Maktabada Wikipedia si ay u bixiyaan helitaanka ilahooda: markii ICE Publishing ay ku biirtay 2020, afhayeen ayaa yiri "Adoo u oggolaanaya helitaanka bilaashka ah ee nuxurkayaga tafatirayaasha Wikipedia, waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan horumarino ilaha bulshada cilmi-baarista - abuurista iyo cusboonays entendimento maqaallada Wikipedia ee injineerniyada madaniga ah kuwaas oo ay akhriyaan kumanaan akhristayaal ah bil kasta."[355]

Helitaanka Nuxurka

Shatiga Nuxurka

Markii mashruucu bilaabmay 2001, dhammaan qoraallada Wikipedia waxaa daboolay GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), oo ah shati kopileft ah oo u oggolaanaya qaybinta dib u dhaca, abuurista shaqooyinka ka dhashay, iyo isticmaalka ganacsiga ee nuxurka halka qorayaashu ay haystaan xuquuqda daabacaadda shaqadooda.[356] GFDL waxaa loo abuuray buug-gacmeedyada softweerka ee la socda barnaamijyada softweerka bilaashka ah ee lagu shatiyeeyey GPL. Tani waxay ka dhigtay mid aan u fiicnayn shaqada tixraaca guud: tusaale ahaan, GFDL waxay u baahan tahay in dib-u-daabacaadda agabka Wikipedia ay la timaado koobi buuxda oo ah qoraalka GFDL.[357] Diseembar 2002, shatiga Creative Commons waa la sii daayay; waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay shaqooyinka hal-abuurka ah guud ahaan, ee ma aha oo kaliya buug-gacmeedyada softweerka. Mashruuca Wikipedia wuxuu raadiyay inuu u beddelo Creative Commons.[358] Sababtoo ah GFDL iyo Creative Commons ma aysan aheyn kuwo is waafaqsan, Noofambar 2008, ka dib codsigii mashruuca, Free Software Foundation (FSF) waxay sii daysay nooc cusub oo GFDL ah oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay in lagu oggolaado Wikipedia inay dib u shatiyeyso nuxurkeeda una beddesho CC BY-SA August 1, 2009.[359] Abriil 2009, Wikipedia iyo mashaariicdeeda walaalaha ah waxay qabteen afti bulshada oo dhan ah, taas oo go'aamisay beddelidda June 2009.[360][361][362][363]

Maareynta faylasha warbaahinta (tusaale, faylasha sawirka) waa kuwo ku kala duwan noocyada luqadaha. Noocyada luqadaha qaar, sida Wikipedia Soomaaliga, waxay ku jiraan faylal sawireed aan xor ahayn oo hoos imaanaya mabda'a isticmaalka caddaaladda,[364] halka kuwa kalena ay doorteen anay sameyn, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah la'aanta mabaadi'da isticmaalka caddaaladda ee dalalkooda hooyo (tusaale sharciga xuquuqda daabacaadda ee Japan). Faylasha warbaahinta ee uu daboolayo shatiga nuxurka xorta ah (tusaale Creative Commons' CC BY-SA) waxaa lagu wadaagaa noocyada luqadaha iyada oo la marinayo keydka Wikimedia Commons, oo ah mashruuc ay maamusho Wikimedia Foundation.[365] Qaabilaadda Wikipedia ee sharciyada xuquuqda daabacaadda caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan sawirada waxay keentay in qaar ay ogaadaan in dabooliddeeda sawir-qaadista ee mowduucyada ay ka dambeyso tayada qoraalka ensiklabeediyada.[366] Wikimedia Foundation ma aha ruqsad bixiye nuxurka ku jira Wikipedia ama mashaariicdeeda la xiriira balse waa adeeg martigelin oo kaliya u ah dadka ku tabaruca iyo ruqsad bixiyaasha Wikipedia, kaas oo si guul leh looga difaacay 2004 maxkamad ku taal Faransiiska.[367][368]

Hababka Helitaanka

Maadaama nuxurka Wikipedia lagu qaybiyo shati xor ah, qof kasta wuxuu dib u isticmaali karaa ama dib ugu qaybin karaa lacag la'aan.[369] Nuxurka Wikipedia waxaa lagu daabacay siyaabo badan, labadaba khadka iyo offline-ka, ka baxsan mareegta Wikipedia.

Kumanaan ka mid ah goobaha muraayadda ayaa jira oo dib u daabaca nuxurka Wikipedia; laba caan ah oo sidoo kale ka kooban nuxurka ilaha tixraaca kale waa Reference.com iyo Answers.com.[370][371] Tusaale kale waa Wapedia, oo billowday inay muujiso nuxurka Wikipedia qaab mobayl-ku-habboon ka hor inta uusan Wikipedia laftiisu samayn.[372] Mashiinnada raadinta shabakadda qaar waxay isticmaalaan gaar ah nuxurka Wikipedia marka ay muujinayaan natiijooyinka raadinta: tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah Microsoft Bing (iyada oo la mareyo tignoolajiyada laga helay Powerset)[373] iyo DuckDuckGo.

Ururinta maqaallada Wikipedia ayaa lagu daabacay saxannada indhaha. Nooc Soomaali ah oo la sii dayay 2006 wuxuu ka koobnaa ilaa 2,000 oo maqaallo.[374] Nooca luqadda Polish-ka ee 2006 wuxuu ka kooban yahay ku dhowaad 240,000 oo maqaallo,[375] nooca luqadda Jarmalka ee 2007/2008 wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan 620,000 oo maqaallo,[376] iyo nooca luqadda Isbaanishka ee 2011 wuxuu ka kooban yahay 886,000 oo maqaallo.[377] Intaa waxaa dheer, "Wikipedia for Schools", taxanaha Wikipedia ee CD-yada / DVD-yada ay soo saareen Wikipedia iyo SOS Children, waa xulasho bilaash ah oo ka timid Wikipedia oo loogu talagalay waxbarashada carruurta da'doodu u dhaxeyso siddeed ilaa toddobo iyo toban.[378]

Waxaa jiray dadaallo lagu doonayo in lagu geliyo qayb yar oo ka mid ah maqaallada Wikipedia qaab buug daabacan.[379][380] Laga soo bilaabo 2009, tobanaan kun oo buugaag ah oo daabacan marka la dalbado oo soo saaray maqaallada Wikipedia ee Soomaaliga, Jarmalka, Ruushka, iyo Faransiiska waxaa soo saaray shirkadda Mareykanka ee Books LLC iyo saddex shirkadood oo hoos yimaada shirkadda Jarmalka ee VDM.[381]

Mareegta DBpedia, oo bilaabatay 2007, waxay ka soo saartaa xogta sanduuqyada macluumaadka iyo caddaymaha qaybaha ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga.[382] Wikimedia waxay abuurtay mashruuca Wikidata oo ujeeddo la mid ah u leh keydinta xaqiiqooyinka aasaasiga ah ee bog kasta oo Wikipedia ah iyo mashaariicda kale ee Wikimedia Foundation oo ka dhigaysa mid la heli karo qaab semantik ah oo la waydiin karo, oo ah RDF.[383] As of Febraayo 2023 waxay leedahay in ka badan 101 milyan oo shay.[384] WikiReader waa qalab akhriye u go'an oo ka kooban koobi offline ah oo Wikipedia ah, kaas oo ay daah furtay OpenMoko oo marka hore la sii daayay 2009.[385]

Helitaanka nuxurka buuxa ee Wikipedia ee dib loogu isticmaalo waxay soo bandhigaysaa caqabado, maadaama nuqul-ka-sameynta tooska ah iyada oo la marinayo gurguuraha shabakadda aan la dhiirrigelin.[386] Wikipedia waxay daabacdaa "dumps" oo ah nuxurkeeda, laakiin kuwan waa qoraal-oo keliya; as of 2023 ma jiro wax dump ah oo la heli karo oo ah sawirada Wikipedia.[387] Wikimedia Enterprise waa xal faa'iido doon ah oo tan ah.[388]

Luqadaha qaar ee Wikipedia sidoo kale waxay ilaaliyaan miiska tixraaca, halkaas oo mutadawiciintu ay uga jawaabaan su'aalaha ka yimaada bulshada weyn. Sida lagu sheegay daraasad ay sameysay Pnina Shachaf oo ku jirta Journal of Documentation, tayada miiska tixraaca Wikipedia waa mid la mid ah miiska tixraaca maktabadda caadiga ah, oo leh saxnaan ah boqolkiiba 55.[389]

Helitaanka Mobaylka

Nooc moobayl ah oo muujinaya Bogga hore ee Wikipedia ee Ingiriiska Oktoobar 2, 2024
Bogagga Wikipedia ee laga daawado madal ahaan

Dhexdhexaadka asalka ah ee Wikipedia wuxuu ahaa in isticmaaleyaashu akhriyaan oo ay ka tafatiraan nuxurka iyagoo isticmaalaya kasta oo caadi ah oo ah browser shabakad ah iyaga oo maraya xiriir internet oo go'an. In kasta oo nuxurka Wikipedia uu ahaa mid la heli karo iyada oo la marinayo mobaylka shabakadda tan iyo Luuliyo 2013, The New York Times Febraayo 9, 2014, waxay soo xigatay Erik Möller, ku-xigeenka agaasimaha Wikimedia Foundation, isagoo saynaya in kala guurka taraafikada internetka ee ka yimid kombuyuutarrada miiska una gudbaya qalabka mobaylka uu ahaa mid muhiim ah oo sababay welwel iyo walbahaar. Maqaalka ku jira The New York Times wuxuu weriyay tirakoobyada barbardhigga ee tafatirka mobaylka iyagoo sheegaya, "Kaliya 20 boqolkiiba akhriska Wikipedia Soomaaliga ayaa ku yimaada qalabka mobaylka, tiradaas oo aad uga hooseysa boqolkiiba taraafikada mobaylka ee goobaha warbaahinta kale, kuwaas oo badan ay gaaraan 50 boqolkiiba. Iyo beddelidda tafatirka mobaylka ayaa xitaa ka dambeysay." 2014 The New York Times wuxuu wariyay in Möller uu u xilsaaray "koox ka kooban 10 horumariye sofweer oo diiradda saaraya mobaylka", oo ka mid ah wadarta qiyaastii 200 oo shaqaale ah oo ka shaqeeya Wikimedia Foundation. Hal walaac oo muhiim ah oo ay sheegtay The New York Times ee ah "welwelka" ayaa ah in Wikipedia ay si wax ku ool ah wax uga qabato dhibaatooyinka ka bixitaanka tirada tafatirayaasha ee ay ensiklabeediyada online-ka ah soo jiidato si ay u tafatiraan ugana ilaaliyaan nuxurkeeda jawiga helitaanka mobaylka.[69] Ilaa 2023, shaqaalaha Wikimedia Foundation waxay kor u dhaafeen in ka badan 700 oo shaqaale ah.[1]

Helitaanka Wikipedia ee ka timid taleefannada gacanta waxay suurtagal ahayd ilaa 2004, iyada oo la marinayo Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), iyada oo la mareyo adeegga Wapedia.[372] Juun 2007, Wikipedia waxay daah furtay so.mobile.wikipedia.org, oo ah mareeg rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay qalabka bilaa-waayirka ah. 2009, adeeg cusub oo mobayl ah ayaa si rasmi ah loo sii daayay, kaas oo ku yaal so.m.wikipedia.org, kaas oo u adeega qalabka mobaylka ee horumarsan sida iPhone, qalabka ku saleysan Android, ama qalabka ku saleysan WebOS.[390] Habab kale oo dhowr ah oo helitaanka mobaylka ee Wikipedia ayaa soo baxay tan iyo markaas. Qalab badan iyo barnaamijyo ayaa wanaajiya ama kor u qaada bandhigidda nuxurka Wikipedia ee qalabka mobaylka, halka qaarna ay sidoo kale ku daraan sifooyin dheeraad ah sida isticmaalka Wikipedia xogta xogta sida xogta juqraafiyadeed.[391][392]

Barnaamijka Android ee Wikipedia waxaa la sii daayay Jannaayo 2012, wuxuuna gaaray in ka badan 500,000 oo rakibid ah iyo dib-u-eegis guud ahaan togan, isagoo ka dhaliyay in ka badan afar ka mid ah shan suurtagal ah codbixinta qiyaastii 200,000 oo isticmaalayaal ah oo ka soo degsanayay Google.[393][394] Nooca iOS waxaa la sii daayay Abriil 3, 2013, dib-u-eegis la mid ah.[395] Wikipedia Zero wuxuu ahaa hindise ka yimid Wikimedia Foundation si loo ballaariyo gaaritaanka ensiklabeediyada ee dalalka soo koraya iyadoo lala kaashanayo hawlwadeennada mobaylka si loo oggolaado helitaanka bilaashka ah.[396][397] Waxaa la joojiyay Febraayo 2018 sababtoo ah la'aanta ka qaybqaadashada hawlwadeennada mobaylka.[396]

Labada Andrew Lih iyo Andrew Brown labaduba waxay ku doodayaan in tafatirka Wikipedia ee taleefannada casriga ah ay tahay mid adag, taasina ay ka niyad jabinayso tabaruceyaasha cusub ee suurtagalka ah.[398][399] Lih wuxuu sheegay in tirada tafatirayaasha Wikipedia ay hoos u dhacaysay dhowr sano ka dib,[398] iyo Tom Simonite oo ka tirsanaa MIT Technology Review ayaa sheegaya in qaab-dhismeedka iyo xeerarka xafiiseed ay yihiin qodob tan keenay. Simonite wuxuu ku eedaynayaa qaar ka mid ah Wikipedians inay isticmaalayaan xeerarka iyo hageyaasha wareegsan si ay u maamulaan kuwa kale isla markaana tafatirayaashaasi ay leeyihiin dano gaar ah oo ay ku ilaalinayaan xaaladda jirta.[47] Lih wuxuu sheegayaa inuu jiro khilaaf xooggan oo u dhexeeya dadka wax tabaruca ee jira ee ku saabsan sida tan loo xalliyo. Lih wuxuu ka cabsanayaa mustaqbalka fog ee Wikipedia halka Brown wuxuu ka cabsanayaa dhibaatooyinka Wikipedia inay sii jiri doonaan, ensiklabeediyada tartamaysana aysan beddeli doonin.[398][399]

Helitaanka Shiinaha

Helitaanka Wikipedia waxaa laga xiray gudaha Shiinaha qaaradda tan iyo Maajo 2015.[400][401][402] Tani waxaa la sameeyay ka dib markii Wikipedia ay bilowday inay isticmaasho sirta HTTPS, taas oo ka dhigtay faafreebka xulashada mid adag.[403]

Saamaynta dhaqanka

Il lagu kalsoonaan karo oo lagula dagaallamo wararka beenta ah

Intii u dhexeysay 2017 iyo 2018, ka dib markii ay bateen wararka beenta ah, Facebook iyo YouTube labaduba waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay adeegsan doonaan Wikipedia si ay uga caawiyaan isticmaalayaashooda inay qiimeeyaan wararka ay arkaan, kana soocaan wararka beenta ah.[404][405] Noam Cohen, oo wax ku qorayay wargeyska The Washington Post, ayaa yiri: "Ku tiirsanaanta YouTube ee Wikipedia si loo saxo xogta waxay ku dhisan tahay madal kale oo xaqiiqooyinkeeda lagu kalsoon yahay, taas oo ah shabakadda bulshada ee Facebook. Facebook ayaa sannadkii hore ku dhawaaqday in Wikipedia ay ka caawin doonto isticmaalayaasheeda inay xididdada u siibaan 'wararka beenta ah'."[405][406]

Akhristayaasha

Febraayo 2014, The New York Times waxay sheegtay in Wikipedia ay kaalinta shanaad kaga jirtay mareegaha adduunka oo dhan, iyadoo bishii ay lahayd "18 bilyan oo bog oo la daawaday iyo ku dhowaad 500 milyan oo booqdeyaal gaar ah... Wikipedia waxay ka dambaysay Yahoo, Facebook, Microsoft iyo Google, oo kaalinta koowaad kaga jiray 1.2 bilyan oo booqdeyaal gaar ah."[69] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, darajadeedu waxay hoos ugu dhacday kaalinta 13aad ee adduunka bishii Juun 2020, taas oo inta badan ay sabab u ahayd kororka caannimada mareegaha wax-ka-iibsiga internetka ee Shiinaha.[53] Mareegtu waxay dib u hanatay kaalinteedii hore bishii Abriil 2022.[53]

Marka laga yimaado kororka habka saadka ee tirada maqaalladeeda,[407] Wikipedia waxay tan iyo markii la aasaasay 2001 si joogto ah u ahayd mareeg tixraac guud oo caan ah.[408] Tirada akhristayaasha Wikipedia ee adduunka oo dhan waxay gaartay 365 milyan dhammaadkii 2009.[409] Mashruuca Pew ee Internet and American Life wuxuu ogaaday in saddex meelood meel dadka isticmaala internetka ee Maraykanku ay Wikipedia ka raadsadeen macluumaad.[410] Sannadkii 2011, Business Insider waxay Wikipedia ku qiimaysay $4 bilyan haddii ay xayeysiisyo soo bandhigi lahayd.[411]

Sida lagu sheegay "Sahankii Akhristayaasha Wikipedia ee 2011", celceliska da'da akhristayaasha Wikipedia waa 36 jir, iyadoo tirada ragga iyo dumarku ay ku dhowaad isle'eg tahay. Ku dhowaad kala bar akhristayaasha Wikipedia waxay mareegta booqdaan in ka badan shan jeer bishii, halka tiro la mid ah oo akhristayaal ahi ay si gaar ah Wikipedia uga raadiyaan natiijooyinka mashiinnada raadinta. Ku dhowaad 47 boqolkiiba akhristayaasha Wikipedia ma oga in Wikipedia ay tahay hay'ad aan faa'iido doon ahayn.[412] As of Febraayo 2023 Wikipedia waxay bishii soo jiidataa ku dhowaad 2 bilyan oo qalab oo gaar ah, halka Wikipedia-da Ingiriisigu ay hesho 10 bilyan oo daawasho bogag ah bishii.[4]

Faafitaanka COVID-19

Intii lagu jiray faafitaanka COVID-19, daboolista Wikipedia ee faafitaanka iyo dadaallada lagula dagaallamayay macluumaadka khaldan waxay heleen dareen warbaahineed oo caalami ah, waxayna keeneen koror ku yimid akhriska Wikipedia guud ahaan.[413][414][415][416] Noam Cohen wuxuu ku qoray Wired in dadaalka Wikipedia ee lagula dagaallamayay macluumaadka khaldan ee ku saabsan faafitaanka uu kaga duwanaa habka ay mareegaha kale u wajahaan arrintan. Wuxuu ku dooday: "Haddii Twitter, Facebook iyo shabakadaha kale ee bulshada aysan baran sida wax ku ool ah ee loola tacaalo macluumaadka khaldan, Wikipedia waxay ahaan doontaa meesha ugu dambaysa ee ugu wanaagsan ee internetka."[414] Oktoobar 2020, Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka waxay ku dhawaaqday inay si xor ah u shatiyeynayso sawirrada xogta iyo agabka kale ee mashaariicda Wikimedia.[417] as of Nofeembar 2021 waxaa jiray ku dhowaad 7,000 oo maqaal oo Wikipedia ah oo la xiriira COVID-19, kuwaas oo ku kala jiray 188 qaybood oo Wikipedia ah oo luqado kala duwan ku qoran.[418][419]

Muhiimadda dhaqanka

Wikipedia Monument oo ku yaal Słubice, Poland, waxaana sameeyay Mihran Hakobyan (2014)

Nuxurka Wikipedia waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday daraasaadka tacliimeed, buugaagta, shirarka iyo kiisaska maxkamadaha.[420][421][422] Mareegta Baarlamaanka Kanada waxay maqaalka Wikipedia ee ku saabsan guurka dadka isku jinsiga ah ku xustaa qaybta "xiriirrada la xiriira" ee liiska "akhris dheeraad ah" ee sharciga Civil Marriage Act.[423] Sheegashooyinka ku jira ensiklabeediyada ayaa si isa soo taraysa loogu adeegsadaa ilo ay tixraacaan hay'adaha sida maxkamadaha federaalka Maraykanka iyo Hay'adda Hantida Maskaxeed ee Adduunka, inkasta oo inta badan loo adeegsado taageeridda macluumaad kale, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen caddayn si toos ah go'aan uga gaari karta kiis.[424][425] Nuxurka Wikipedia ku jira ayaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday ilo ay tixraaceen warbixinno ay diyaariyeen qaar ka mid ah hay'adaha sirdoonka Maraykanka.[426] Diseembar 2008, joornaalka sayniska ee RNA Biology wuxuu furay qayb cusub oo loogu talagalay sharraxaadda qoysaska molecules-ka RNA, wuxuuna qorayaasha wax ku biirinaya qaybtaas ku waajibiyey inay sidoo kale Wikipedia u gudbiyaan qoraal qabyo ah oo ku saabsan qoyska RNA.[427] Wikipedia waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday il ay saxafiyiintu ka soo xigtaan,[428][429] badanaa iyaga oo aan xusin halka ay xogta ka soo xigteen. Saxafiyiin dhowr ah ayaa shaqada laga eryay ka dib markii lagu ogaaday inay qoraallo ka soo guuriyeen Wikipedia iyaga oo aan xusin isha.[430][431][432][433]

Sannadkii 2006, majalladda Time waxay aqoonsatay kaalinta Wikipedia, iyadoo ay weheliyaan YouTube, Reddit, MySpace iyo Facebook, ku lahayd koboca degdegga ah ee iskaashiga internetka iyo isdhexgalka malaayiin qof oo adduunka ku kala nool.[434] Sebtembar 16, 2007, The Washington Post waxay sheegtay in Wikipedia ay noqotay goob muhiim ah oo ololihii doorashadii madaxtinimada Maraykanka ee 2008 lagu loollamayay, iyadoo tiri: "Magaca musharrax kasta oo Google lagu qoro, natiijooyinka ugu horreeya waxaa ka mid ah bog Wikipedia ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraallada bogaggaas kuwo muhiim u ah sida xayeysiis kasta oo musharraxa lagu soo bandhigo. Horeba, bogagga musharraxiinta madaxweynaha ayaa maalin kasta la tafatiraa, la kala qaybiyaa, lagana doodaa marar aan la tirin karin."[435] Maqaal ay Reuters daabacday Oktoobar 2007, oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Bogga Wikipedia oo noqday astaanta cusub ee sumcadda", ayaa ka warramay arrin cusub oo ahayd in lahaanshaha bog Wikipedia ahi uu noqday calaamad muujinaysa sumcadda qofka.[436]

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Wikipedia ay arrin siyaasadeed oo dowladeed ku lug yeelato wuxuu dhacay Sebtembar 28, 2007, markii siyaasiga Talyaaniga Franco Grillini uu wasiirka kheyraadka iyo dhaqanka u gudbiyay su'aal baarlamaaneed oo ku saabsan baahida loo qabo xorriyadda sawiridda iyo muujinta dhismayaasha iyo farshaxanka dadweynaha. Wuxuu sheegay in maqnaanshaha xorriyaddaasi ay ku qasabtay Wikipedia, oo ahayd "mareegta toddobaad ee ugu badan ee la booqdo", inay mamnuucdo dhammaan sawirrada dhismayaasha casriga ah ee Talyaaniga iyo farshaxanka, taas oo uu sheegay inay si xun u dhaawacayso dakhliga dalxiiska.[437]

Wikipedia: Hordhac – Abaalmarinta Erasmus 2015
Jimmy Wales oo wakiil ka ah Wikipedia ku qaadanaya abaalmarinta Hawlgalka Iftiiminta ee Abaalmarinta Quadriga ee 2008.

Koox cilmi-baarayaal ah oo uu hoggaaminayay Peter Stone, kuwaas oo qayb ka ahaa mashruuca Stanford ee One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence, ayaa warbixintooda Wikipedia ku tilmaamay "tusaalaha ugu caansan ee iskaashiga dadweynaha... kaas oo ka baaxad iyo qoto dheer badan ilaha macluumaadka ee si dhaqameed loo ururiyo, sida ensiklabeediyada iyo qaamuusyada".[438][439]

Maqaal ra'yi ah oo uu Hossein Derakhshan u qoray Wired sannadkii 2017, wuxuu Wikipedia ku tilmaamay "mid ka mid ah tiirarkii ugu dambeeyay ee ka haray shabakadda furan iyo baahinta awoodda internetka". Wuxuu ka soo horjeediyay Wikipedia, oo ah il aqooneed qoraal ku dhisan, baraha bulshada iyo adeegyada isku-xirka bulshada, kuwaas oo uu sheegay inay tan iyo markaas internetka ku faafiyeen qiyamka telefishanka. Sida uu Derakhshan qabo, ujeeddada Wikipedia ee ah inay noqoto ensiklabeed waxay astaan u tahay dhaqanka Qarnigii Iftiiminta, kaas oo caqliga iyo fekerka macquulka ah ka hormariya shucuurta. Isbeddelkaas ayuu ku tilmaamay mid "halis ku jira", sababtoo ah "isbeddelka tartiib-tartiibka ah ee dhaqanka qoraalka una wareegaya dhaqanka sawirrada, kaas oo isaguna ka dhigan in macnaha iyo caqliga laga guurayo loona wareegayo shucuurta, bandhigga iyo madadaalada". Halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd "sapere aude" (lit. 'ku dhiirro inaad ogaato'), baraha bulshada waxay horseedeen dhaqan ah "ha isku mashquulin inaad wax ogaato". Derakhshan wuxuu sheegay in Wikipedia ay wajahayso "dhibaato aad uga walaac badan" tan maalgelinta, taas oo ah "joogsiga koboca tirada tabaruceyaasha mareegta". Sidaas darteed, caqabadda hortaalla Wikipedia iyo dadka isticmaala waa in la "badbaadiyo Wikipedia iyo ballanqaadkeeda ah inay si xor ah oo furan u ururiso dhammaan aqoonta aadanaha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo xeeladaha warbaahinta cusub iyo tii horeba; si loo ogaado sida aqoonta loo ururin karo loona ilaalin karo marka aysan jirin cid danaynaysa inay wax ogaato."[440]

Abaalmarinnada

Kooxda Wikipedia oo booqanaysa Baarlamaanka Asturias
Tifaftirayaasha Wikipedia oo kulmaya ka dib xafladdii abaalmarinnada Asturias ee 2015

Wikipedia waxay ku guuleysatay abaalmarinno badan, iyadoo labadeedii abaalmarinood ee ugu waaweynaa ay heshay bishii Maajo 2004.[441] Abaalmarintii koowaad waxay ahayd Golden Nica oo qaybta Bulshada Dijitaalka ah ah, taas oo lagu bixiyo tartanka sannadlaha ah ee Prix Ars Electronica. Abaalmarintan waxaa la socday deeq lacageed oo dhan €10,000 (£6,588; $12,700) iyo casuumaad ay Wikipedia kaga qaybgelaysay Bandhigga PAE Cyberarts ee Austria dhammaadka sannadkaas. Abaalmarintii labaad waxay ahayd Abaalmarinta Webby ee garsoorayaasha, qaybta "bulshada".[442]

Sebtembar 2008, Wikipedia waxay heshay Abaalmarinta Quadriga ee Hawlgalka Iftiiminta oo ay bixiso Werkstatt Deutschland. Abaalmarinta waxaa lala guddoonsiiyay Boris Tadić, Eckart Höfling iyo Peter Gabriel. David Weinberger ayaa abaalmarinta u gudbiyay Wales.[443]

Sannadkii 2015, Wikipedia waxaa la guddoonsiiyay Abaalmarinta Erasmus ee sannadlaha ah, taas oo lagu aqoonsado wax-ku-biirinta gaarka ah ee dhaqanka, bulshada ama cilmiga bulshada,[444] iyo sidoo kale Abaalmarinta Princess of Asturias ee Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah oo lagu bixiyo Isbaanishka.[445] Isagoo ka hadlayay Baarlamaanka Asturian ee magaalada Oviedo, halkaas oo lagu qabtay xafladda abaalmarintu, Jimmy Wales wuxuu ammaanay shaqada tifaftirayaasha Wikipedia-da Asturian-ka.[446]

Majaajillada

Majaajiliiste Stephen Colbert ayaa dhowr jeer ku jeesjeesay ama tixraacay Wikipedia intii lagu jiray barnaamijkiisa The Colbert Report. Wuxuu sidoo kale curiyay erayga wikiality, oo macnihiisu yahay "wadajir ayaynu u abuuri karnaa xaqiiqo aynu dhammaanteen ku heshiinno — xaqiiqada aynu hadda ku heshiinnay".[238] Tusaale kale waxaa laga helayaa maqaal majaajillo ah oo cinwaankiisu yahay "Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years of American Independence", kaas oo bogga hore ee The Onion lagu daabacay Luulyo 2006,[447] iyo maqaal kale oo The Onion ay 2010 daabacday, kaas oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "'L.A. Law' Wikipedia Page Viewed 874 Times Today".[448]

Qayb ka mid ahayd majaajillada taxanaha telefishanka Maraykanka ee The Office, oo la baahiyay Abriil 2007, ayaa muujinaysay maamulaha xafiiska (Michael Scott) oo adeegsanaya maqaal Wikipedia oo mala-awaal ah si uu xog uga helo xeeladaha wadaxaajoodka, taas oo uu doonayay inuu ku helo mushahar ka hooseeya kan shaqaalaha.[449] Daawadayaasha barnaamijka ayaa isku dayay inay xuskaas ku daraan maqaalka dhabta ah ee Wikipedia ee ku saabsan wadaxaajoodka, laakiin isticmaalayaasha kale ayaa isku daygaas ku hor istaagay bogga doodda maqaalka.[450]

"My Number One Doctor", oo ahayd qayb ka mid ah taxanaha telefishanka Scrubs ee la baahiyay 2007, waxay kaftan ka samaysay fikradda ah in Wikipedia ay tahay il tixraac oo aan si fiican loo hubin. Muuqaalkaas, Perry Cox ayaa ka falcelinaya bukaan sheegaya in maqaal Wikipedia ahi tilmaamayo in cuntooyinka aan la karin ay dib u celin karaan saamaynta kansarka lafaha. Wuxuu bukaanka u sheegayaa in qofkii isla maqaalkaas qoray uu sidoo kale qoray liiska qaybaha taxanaha Battlestar Galactica.[451]

Sannadkii 2008, mareegta majaajillada ee CollegeHumor waxay soo saartay muuqaal majaajillo ah oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Professor Wikipedia". Muuqaalkaas, borofisar mala-awaal ah oo lagu magacaabo Professor Wikipedia ayaa fasal wax ku baraya isagoo soo bandhigaya xaqiiqooyin aan la hubin karin, kuwaas oo qaarkood aad u yaab badan yihiin.[452][453] Sawirka majaajillada ah ee Dilbert ee May 8, 2009, waxaa ku jira qof taageeraya sheegasho aan macquul ahayn oo leh: "Toban daqiiqo i sii, dabadeed Wikipedia ka hubi."[454] Luulyo 2009, BBC Radio 4 waxay baahisay taxane majaajillo ah oo lagu magacaabo Bigipedia, kaas oo ku saabsanaa mareeg mala-awaal ah oo lagu jeesjeesayay Wikipedia.[455] Qaar ka mid ah muuqaallada majaajillada ah waxaa si toos ah u dhiirrigeliyay Wikipedia iyo maqaalladeeda.[456]

Agoosto 23, 2013, mareegta New Yorker waxay daabacday sawir majaajillo ah oo ay la socotay weedhan: "Nacalaa, Manning, ma ka fikirtay dagaalka magac-u-yaallada ah ee tani ka dhalin doonto boggaaga Wikipedia?"[457] Sawirkaasi wuxuu tixraacayay Chelsea Elizabeth Manning (oo dhalatay Bradley Edward Manning), oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe, siyaasi iyo askari hore oo ka tirsanaa Ciidanka Maraykanka, taas oo xilligaas dhawaan shaacisay inay tahay haweeney jinsigeeda beddeshay.[458]

Juun 2024, majalladda Nature waxay daabacday bog dood oo Wikipedia ah oo mala-awaal ah, kaas oo ay Emma Burnett qortay, cinwaankiisuna ahaa "Fangas caag cuna ayaa sababay dhammaadka adduunka". Bogga dooddu wuxuu ku saabsanaa maqaal mala-awaal ah oo sharraxayay cawaaqibta lama filaanka ah ee ka dhalan karta sii-deynta fangas caag cuna si loogu nadiifiyo meelaha shidaalku ku daatay. Maqaalku wuxuu ka koobnaa arrimo caadi ahaan laga helo bogagga doodaha Wikipedia, sida doodaha ku saabsan beddelidda qiimaynta maqaalka.[459]

Daabacaadda

Koox ka tirsan Wikimedians-ka laanta Wikimedia DC oo ka qaybgalaysa shirkii sannadlaha ahaa ee Wikimedia ee Washington DC sannadkii 2013, iyagoo hor taagan nuqulka Encyclopædia Britannica (dhabarka bidix) ee Kaydka Qaranka Maraykanka

Saamaynta dhaqaale ee ugu muuqata ee Wikipedia waxay ahayd hoos u dhaca iyo dhammaadka ensiklabeediyadii ganacsiga, gaar ahaan kuwii daabacaadda ahaa sida Encyclopædia Britannica, kuwaas oo aan awoodin inay la tartamaan beddel bilaash ah.[460][461][462] Nicholas Carr wuxuu maqaal kiisii 2005 ee "The amorality of Web 2.0" ku dhaleeceeyay mareegaha leh nuxurka ay isticmaalayaashu abuuraan, sida Wikipedia, isagoo sheegay inay sababi karaan in soosaarayaasha nuxurka xirfadeed ee uu u arko inay ka tayo sarreeyaan ay shaqooyinkooda waayaan, sababtoo ah "bilaashku mar walba tayada ayuu ka adkaadaa". Carr wuxuu qoray: "Aragtiyaha xamaasadda leh ee Web 2.0 waxaa ku dhex jira awoodda uu hiwaayaduhu leeyahay. Anigu ma qiyaasi karo wax ka argagax badan."[463] Dad kale ayaa ka horyimid aragtida ah in Wikipedia ama mashaariic la mid ahi ay gebi ahaanba beddeli doonaan daabacaadaha dhaqanka. Chris Anderson, tifaftirihii hore ee guud ee Wired, wuxuu Nature ku qoray in habka Wikipedia ee ku dhisan "xigmadda dadweynaha" uusan beddeli karin joornaallada sayniska ee heerka sare leh, kuwaas oo adeegsada habraacyo adag oo dib-u-eegista khubarada kale ah.[464]

Saamaynta Wikipedia ku yeelatay ganacsiga daabacaadda taariikh-nololeedyada ayaa walaac ku abuurtay dadka qaarkood. Shirkadda Nielsen BookScan, oo la socota xogta iibka buugaagta, waxay sheegtay sannadkii 2013 in iibka taariikh-nololeedyadu uu si weyn hoos ugu dhacayey.[465] Kathryn Hughes, oo ah borofisar ku takhasustay qorista taariikhda nolosha ee University of East Anglia, isla markaana ah qoraa laba taariikh-nololeed, ayaa qortay: "Welwelku wuxuu yahay, haddii dhammaan macluumaadkaas laga heli karo Wikipedia, maxaa u haraya taariikh-nololeedka?"[465]

Adeegsiga cilmi-baarista

Wikipedia waxaa si weyn loogu adeegsaday urur qoraallo ah oo loogu talagalay cilmi-baarista luqadaha kombiyuutarka, soo-celinta macluumaadka iyo falanqaynta luqadda dabiiciga ah.[466][467] Gaar ahaan, Wikipedia waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa kayd aqooneed oo lagu xalliyo dhibaatada isku-xiridda hay'adaha iyo magacyada la aqoonsan karo, habkaas oo loo yaqaan "wikification",[468] iyo dhibaatada la xiriirta ee kala saaridda macnaha ereyada.[469] Hababka wikification-ka la midka ah ayaa sidoo kale loo adeegsan karaa in lagu helo xiriiriyeyaasha ka maqan Wikipedia.[470]

Sannadkii 2015, cilmi-baarayaal Faransiis ah oo kala ahaa José Lages oo ka tirsanaa University of Franche-Comté ee Besançon iyo Dima Shepelyansky oo ka tirsanaa Paul Sabatier University ee Toulouse ayaa daabacay qiimayn caalami ah oo jaamacadaha lagu kala sarreysiiyay, taas oo ku salaysnayd tixraacyada tacliimeed ee Wikipedia.[471][472][473] Waxay adeegsadeen PageRank, CheiRank iyo habab xisaabeed oo la mid ah, iyagoo sidoo kale tixgeliyay "tirada jeer ee jaamacad kasta lagu xuso 24-ka qaybood ee luqadeed ee Wikipedia (iyadoo loo kala hormarinayo sida ay u kala horreeyaan) iyo qarnigii la aasaasay jaamacaddu (iyadoo laga bilaabayo tii ugu horreysay)".[473][474] Daraasadda waxaa dib loo cusboonaysiiyay sannadkii 2019.[475]

Diseembar 2015, John Julius Norwich wuxuu warqad lagu daabacay wargeyska The Times ku sheegay in isaga oo taariikhyahan ah uu Wikipedia u adeegsado tixraac "ugu yaraan laba iyo toban jeer maalintii", isla markaana uusan "waligiis ku hungoobin". Wuxuu ku tilmaamay "buug tixraac oo waxtar leh sida kuwa kale ee jira", isagoo sheegay in ay ku jirto xog aad u ballaaran oo ku saabsan dad, meelo iyo waxyaabo kala duwan, taas oo ay adag tahay in la helo wax aanu ka heli karin, xitaa marka uu qorayay labadiisii buug ee ugu dambeeyay.[476]

Daraasad ay MIT samaysay sannadkii 2017 ayaa soo jeedisay in ereyada lagu isticmaalo maqaallada Wikipedia ay saamayn ku yeeshaan ereyada lagu adeegsado daabacaadaha sayniska.[477] Daraasadaha la xiriira Wikipedia waxay adeegsadeen barashada mashiinka iyo sirdoonka macmalka ah[439] si ay u taageeraan hawlo kala duwan. Meelaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah ogaanshaha otomaatiga ah ee waxyeellaynta maqaallada,[478][479] iyo qiimaynta tayada xogta ee Wikipedia.[480][481]

Mashaariicda La xiriira

Ensiklabeediyeyaasha multimedia isdhexgalka ah ee ku jira maqaallada ay qortay bulshadu waxay jireen waqti dheer ka hor intaan la aasaasin Wikipedia. Midka ugu horreeyay ee kuwan ka mid ah wuxuu ahaa BBC Domesday Project ee 1986, kaas oo ka koobnaa qoraal (oo lagu geliyay kombuyuutarrada BBC Micro) iyo sawirro ka yimid in ka badan hal milyan oo tabaruceyaal ah oo ku sugan UK, wuxuna daboolay juqraafiyada, fanka, iyo dhaqanka UK. Tani waxay ahayd ensiklabeediyada multimedia isdhexgalka ah ee ugu horreysay (waxay kaloo ahayd dukumeentigii ugu horreeyay ee multimedia ee weyn oo lagu xiray xiriirada gudaha), iyadoo maqaallada badankood ay ahaayeen kuwo la heli karo iyadoo la marinayo khariidad isdhexgalka ah ee UK. Interface-ka isticmaalaha iyo qayb ka mid ah nuxurka Domesday Project waxaa laga sameeyay mareeg ilaa 2008.[482]

Ensiklabeediyeyaasha la wadaago ee nuxurka xorta ah waxaa la abuuray waqti la mid ah Wikipedia (tusaale Everything2),[483] iyadoo qaar badan oo dambe lagu daray mashruuca (tusaale GNE).[484] Mid ka mid ah ensiklabeediyeyaasha online-ka ah ee ugu guulaha badan ee ku daray maqaallada bulshada wuxuu ahaa h2g2, kaas oo uu abuuray Douglas Adams 1999. Ensiklabeediyada h2g2 waa mid fudud oo fudud, oo diiradda saaraysa maqaallada ah kuwo xiiso leh oo wata macluumaad.[485]

Mareegaha aqoonta la wadaago ee xiga ayaa ka soo qaatay dhiirrigelin Wikipedia. Kuwa kale waxay isticmaalaan dib-u-eegis asxaabtu dhaqameed, sida Encyclopedia of Life iyo ensiklabeediyeyaasha wiki ee online-ka ah Scholarpedia iyo Citizendium.[486][487] Kan dambe waxaa bilaabay Sanger isku day lagu doonayo in lagu abuuro beddel lagu kalsoonaan karo oo Wikipedia ah.[488][489]

Qoraallada hoose

  1. ↑ Waxaa jira 348 nooc oo Wikipedia ah oo firfircoon, laakiin taasi macnaheedu ma aha inay jiraan 348 luqadood oo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo Wikipedia ah oo ku qoran afka Belarusiyaanka (iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab-qoraallada Narkamaŭka iyo Taraškievica), iyo noocyo kala duwan oo ku qoran afka Noorwiijiga (iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab-qoraallada Nynorsk iyo Bokmål), iwm.
    Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira 16 nooc oo Wikipedia ah oo xiran, kuwaas oo ku qoran luqado aan lahayn dad ku hadla oo ku filan si mashruuca loo sii wado (tusaale ahaan, Marshallese iyo Akan). Afar nooc ayaa gebi ahaanba la tirtiray (tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah Moldovian Wikipedia iyo Siberian Wikipedia)
  2. ↑ Luqadaha qaar ee ku dhow inay dabar go'aan, sida luqadda Manchu, ma laha nooc Wikipedia ah oo loo sameeyay.
  3. ↑ Diiwaangelintu waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay hawlo kala duwan, sida tafatirka bogagga la ilaaliyo, abuurista bogag ku jira Wikipedia, iyo soo raridda faylasha.
  4. ↑ Qoraallada badankood sidoo kale waxaa lagu shatiyeeyaa GNU Free Documentation License; shatiyada warbaahintu way kala duwan yihiin.
  5. ↑ Waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa /ˌwɪkəˈpiːdiə/ ⓘ WIK-ə-PEE-dee-ə ama /ˌwɪki-/ ⓘ WIK-ee-PEE-dee-ə ee Af-Soomaali
  6. ↑ Waxaa laga heli karaa keyd ahaan Nostalgia Wikipedia
  7. ↑ Sida Abriil 2026, Wikipedia-ga Haitian Creole, oo leh 72K maqaallo, wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta 91aad marka la kala horreeyo tirada maqaallada.
  8. ↑ Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.
  9. ↑ Guddigu wuxuu si toos ah u go'aamin karaa in isbeddelka nuxurku yahay mid aan habboonayn, laakiin ma go'aamin karo si toos ah in nuxur gaar ah uu yahay mid aan habboonayn.
  10. ↑ See "Libel" by David McHam for the legal distinction.

Tixraacyada

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  485. ↑ Orlowski, Andrew (September 18, 2006). "Wikipedia founder forks Wikipedia, More experts, less fiddling?". The Register. Retrieved June 27, 2007. Larry Sanger describes the Citizendium project as a "progressive or gradual fork", with the major difference that experts have the final say over edits.
  486. ↑ Lyman, Jay (September 20, 2006). "Wikipedia Co-Founder Planning New Expert-Authored Site". LinuxInsider. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.

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