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Bolsonaro
Bolsonaro in 2019
38th President of Brazil
In office
1 January 2019 – 1 January 2023
Preceded by Michel Temer
Succeeded by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
1 February 1991 – 1 January 2019
Constituency Rio de Janeiro 
Member of the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro
In office
1 January 1989 – 31 January 1991
Constituency At-large
Personal details
Born (1955-03-21) 21 March 1955 (age 71)
Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil
Political party PL (since 2021)
Spouse(s) Template:Plain list
Children 5, including Flávio, Carlos, and Eduardo
Alma mater Military Academy of Agulhas Negras
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Brazil
Service/branch Brazilian Army
Rank Captain
Commands
  • 21st Field Artillery Group
  • 9th Field Artillery Group
  • 8th Parachutist Field Artillery Group
Awards Order of Rio Branco Order of Defence Merit Order of Military Merit (Brazil) Order of Naval Merit (Brazil) Order of Aeronautical Merit (Brazil) Order of Labour Judicial Merit Order of Military Judicial Merit Mauá Medal of Merit Peacemaker Medal (Brazil)

Template:Jair Bolsonaro sidebar Jair Messias Bolsonaro (pt-BR; born 21 March 1955), Jair Bolsonaro or simply called Bolsonaro is a Brazilian politician and former military officer who served as the 38th president of Brazil from 2019 to 2023. He previously served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1991 to 2019.

Born in Glicério, São Paulo, Bolsonaro began serving in the Brazilian Army in 1973 and graduated from the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras in 1977.[1] He attracted publicity in 1986, after he wrote an article for Veja magazine criticizing the low wages of military officers, after which he was arrested and detained for fifteen days. He left the army, and was elected to the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro two years later. In 1990, he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a representative for the state of Rio de Janeiro. During his 27-year tenure as a congressman, he became known for his national conservatism. Bolsonaro entered the 2018 presidential election, during which he began claiming to support economically liberal and pro-market policies.[2] After surviving an assassination attempt on 6 September, he led in the 7 October first-round results and defeated Fernando Haddad in the 28 October runoff.

Bolsonaro focused on domestic affairs in his first months as president, dealing primarily with the fallout of the 2014 Brazilian economic crisis. The economy recovered slowly, while crime rates fell sharply during the first year.[3][4] He rolled back protections for Indigenous groups in the Amazon rainforest[5] and facilitated its deforestation.[6] Bolsonaro's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil received significant criticism after he sought to downplay the pandemic and its effects, opposed quarantine measures, and dismissed two health ministers, while the death toll increased rapidly.[7]

A polarizing politician, Bolsonaro has drawn both praise and criticism in Brazil for his views and comments, which have been described as far-right and populist.[8][9][10][11] He is a vocal opponent of same-sex marriage,[12][13] abortion,[14] affirmative action,[15] drug decriminalization, and state secularism.[16] In foreign policy, he has advocated closer relations with Israel and with the United States;[17][18] later in his presidency, he also made efforts to improve relations with the BRICS countries.[19][20]

In the 2022 general election Bolsonaro lost to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[21] On 8 January 2023, a mob of Bolsonaro's supporters stormed federal government buildings, calling for a coup d'état. On 30 June, the Superior Electoral Court blocked Bolsonaro from seeking office until 2030 for attempting to undermine the validity of the election through his unfounded claims of voter fraud, and for abusing his power by using government communication channels to both promote his campaign and to allege fraud. Testimony from military officials showed that Bolsonaro had planned a self-coup with the military to keep himself in power.[22]

In November 2024, he was indicted by the Federal Police of Brazil of multiple counts related to the planned coup.[23] He was charged in February 2025,[24] and the Supreme Court ruled he must stand trial.[25] On 4 August 2025, he was placed under house arrest for using a mobile phone and accessing social media via his son Eduardo,[26] violating pre-trial rules.[27] His trial began on 2 September; on 11 September he was found guilty by the Supreme Federal Court and sentenced to 27 years and 3 months in prison.[28][29] On 22 November 2025, Bolsonaro was arrested by the Federal Police after trying to remove his electronic ankle monitor.[30][31][32] On 25 November 2025, the Supreme Court rejected his final appeals, declared the case to have reached res judicata and ordered the beginning of the enforcement of the prison sentence.[33] On 24 March 2026, he was granted 90 days of temporary house arrest due to health issues.[34]

  1. ↑ "Brazil military academy offers glimpse of next government". mynews13. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 September 2025.
  2. ↑ Boghossian, Bruno; Carneiro, Mariana (9 October 2017). "Bolsonaro diz que é liberal e adota discurso que agrada investidores" [Bolsonaro says he is a liberal and adopts a speech that pleases investors]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Brasília. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  3. ↑ "Slow economic recovery and China to be discussed at 2020 Brazilian Prospects Seminar". Fundação Getúlio Vargas. 5 March 2019. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  4. ↑ "No primeiro ano do governo Bolsonaro, estados garantem queda na criminalidade" [In the first year of the Bolsonaro government, states guarantee a drop in crime]. Fundação Getúlio Vargas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 March 2019. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Indigenous Global Affairs".
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "environment".
  7. ↑ Watson, Katy (12 June 2020). "Coronavirus: How pandemic turned political in Brazil". BBC News. São Paulo. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  8. ↑ Brooke, James (25 July 1993). "Conversations/Jair Bolsonaro; A Soldier Turned Politician Wants To Give Brazil Back to Army Rule". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  9. ↑ "Brazilian Swamp Drainer". The Wall Street Journal. The Editorial Board. 8 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  10. ↑ Barón, Francho (7 October 2014). "O inquietante 'fenômeno Bolsonaro'" [The restless 'Bolsonaro phenomenon']. El País (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  11. ↑ "Brazil's congress starts to reform itself". The Economist. Brasília. 14 October 2017. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  12. ↑ Andrade, Claudia (5 May 2011). "Bolsonaro: após união gay, próximo passo é legalizar pedofilia" [Bolsonaro: after gay union, the next step is to legalize pedophilia]. terra.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  13. ↑ Sullivan, Zoe (29 October 2018). "LGBTQ Brazilians on edge after self-described 'homophobic' lawmaker elected president". NBC News. Olinda. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018.
  14. ↑ "Bolsonaro, em Porto Alegre, confirma ser contra o aborto e a favor da redução da maioridade penal" [Bolsonaro, in Porto Alegre, confirms he is against abortion and in favor of lowering the age of criminal responsibility]. O Sul (in Brazilian Portuguese). 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  15. ↑ Costa, Gilberto (1 April 2011). "Para ministra da Igualdade Racial, declarações de Bolsonaro são caso explícito de racismo" [For minister of Racial Equality, Bolsonaro's statements are "an explicit case of racism"]. Universo Online (in Brazilian Portuguese). Brasília. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  16. ↑ "Jair Bolsonaro: "Sou preconceituoso, com muito orgulho"" [Jair Bolsonaro: "I'm prejudiced, with much pride"]. Época (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  17. ↑ "Brazil's Workers' Party likens pro-Israel presidential front-runner to Hitler". The Times of Israel. 6 October 2018. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  18. ↑ Wierson, Arick (7 October 2018). "Will Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro Become Trump's New Best Friend?". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  19. ↑ Stuenkel, Oliver (22 September 2022). "Why Beijing Wants Bolsonaro to Win". Foreign Policy. São Paulo. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "russia".
  21. ↑ Tavares, Joelmir (30 October 2022). "Bolsonaro é 1º presidente a perder reeleição e deixará cargo em 31 de dezembro" [Bolsonaro is the 1st president to lose re-election and will leave office on 31 December]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo. Retrieved 5 November 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  22. ↑ "Bolsonaro allies nearly launched military coup in 2022, police report says". The Guardian. 24 November 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  23. ↑ Kahn, Carrie (21 November 2024). "Former Brazilian president indicted over alleged coup plot". NPR.
  24. ↑ "Bolsonaro Charged With Plotting Coup After Election Loss to Lula". Bloomberg News. 18 February 2025.
  25. ↑ Rios, Michael (26 March 2025). "Former Brazilian President Bolsonaro to stand trial on coup charges, court rules". CNN. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  26. ↑ Mendonca, Julia Vargas Jones, Michael Rios, Duarte (4 August 2025). "US condemns Brazil Supreme Court order for house arrest for ex-President Jair Bolsonaro". CNN. Retrieved 10 September 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ Rogero, Tiago (4 August 2025). "Brazil's supreme court judge orders house arrest of ex-president Jair Bolsonaro". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  28. ↑ Phillips, Tom (11 September 2025). "Brazil's supreme court finds Bolsonaro guilty of plotting military coup". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
  29. ↑ "Bolsonaro sentenced to 27 years in prison for plotting Brazil coup". BBC News. 11 September 2025. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
  30. ↑ Savarese, Mauricio (22 November 2025). "Brazil's judge orders Bolsonaro's arrest for allegedly plotting escape ahead of prison term". Associated Press. Retrieved 22 November 2025.
  31. ↑ Brito, Ricardo; Magalhaes, Luciana Novaes (22 November 2025). "Brazil's ex-president Bolsonaro detained by police ahead of vigil". Reuters. Retrieved 22 November 2025.
  32. ↑ Ribeiro, Manuel (22 November 2025). "Court orders Bolsonaro's arrest after suspicion that he tried to remove electronic bracelet". Euro News. Retrieved 22 November 2025.
  33. ↑ "STF conclui processo e Bolsonaro, Ramagem e Torres já podem cumprir pena". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 November 2025. Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  34. ↑ "Moraes concede prisão domiciliar a Bolsonaro após internação por pneumonia". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 March 2026. Retrieved 24 March 2026.
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